On this page
UnderstandWhat it is, what people ask, how far this page goes
Natural inorganic gem materials · Trade name: colour / appearance variety · Natural identity; treatment status unknown
Yellow-green Quartz
Also known asLemon Citrine (not to be used as a name) · Lemon quartz
A trade name for yellow to yellow-green quartz. It must not automatically be treated as natural Citrine, and its color may involve irradiation or heat treatment. Also known as Lemon quartz. This page compares how the major standards and institutions name it, what must be disclosed when selling it, whether it can be worn every day, how it is treated and identified, and which source each conclusion comes from.
Price, rarity and origin are outside the scope of this wiki.
What this page can answer
This page covers
- How Yellow-green Quartz forms and what gives its colourFormation setting, process and timescale; where its colour and optical effects come from, each finding graded and sourced
- Treatments and enhancements of Yellow-green QuartzThe enhancements and treatments the GB/T and JJA/AGL tables list
- Hardness, density and refractive index of Yellow-green QuartzEach value with its source and check date
- Yellow-green Quartz in English, Chinese and Japanese; national standard namesNames in four languages, the GB/T standard name and the suggested listing name; and: Has any of GIA, FTC, CIBJO or Gem-A put a name for it on record here?
- Listing and disclosing Yellow-green QuartzThe listing name to use; what must be disclosed before sale
What we cannot conclude
- Whether one particular bead is natural, treated or synthetic — only a laboratory report can settle that.
- Geographic origin, unless an origin report accompanies the item.
- Price, rarity or investment value: this wiki covers naming and disclosure only.
Material research: formation, causes and history
What authoritative sources say about how this material forms, what causes its colour and optical effects, where its name comes from and how people have used it. Each statement carries an evidence grade and its sources; it describes the material in general, not any specific piece.
How it forms
Lemon quartz is a trade colour name for yellow to yellow-green quartz; mineralogically the material is quartz (SiO2). On colour origin, the literature records that, under certain geologic conditions, amethyst can turn naturally into the more common citrine (yellow) or the rarer green quartz, a change attributed to low-grade radiation acting across geologic time and to secondary, extruding volcanic bodies of high temperature. A major source of market yellow quartz is artificial heat treatment, which turns pale-violet amethyst yellow. The name 'lemon quartz' is not defined in the sources, and whether a given stone's colour is natural, heat-treated or synthetic requires gemological testing.
Scope: Used to explain possible natural colour-change mechanisms and heat-treatment sources of yellow to yellow-green quartz (including lemon quartz on the market); it is not renamed as an independent mineral, and the colour origin requires testing piece by piece.
Sources GIA Citrine Description · G&G Spring 1982 · G&G Summer 2019
Where it forms
Volcanic cavities and geodes: silica-bearing fluids precipitate quartz in vesicles and geodes, one setting where amethyst, citrine and green quartz occur together.
Sources G&G Spring 1982
Zones affected by later high-temperature volcanic bodies: it is thought that secondary, extruding volcanic bodies of high temperature drove the later shift to citrine or green quartz.
Sources G&G Spring 1982
How it forms, step by step
Silica-bearing fluids slowly precipitate quartz in rock cavities or vesicles, forming crystals.
Sources GIA Citrine Description · G&G Spring 1982
Over geologic time, low-grade radiation acts on the ferric and ferrous iron in the quartz lattice, and the crystal thereby takes on its amethystine colour.
Sources GIA Citrine Description · G&G Spring 1982
Heat from later high-temperature extruding volcanic bodies further changes the colour to citrine (yellow) or green quartz (green).
Sources GIA Citrine Description · G&G Spring 1982
Separately, yellow quartz is produced artificially by heat-treating amethyst; 'lemon quartz' is largely such a trade colour name.
Sources GIA Citrine Description · G&G Spring 1982
Link to appearance
Yellow to yellow-green colour; in natural material the hue depends on iron-related colour centres and later heat/radiation history, while in treated material it depends on the pale-violet hue of the amethyst feedstock.
Sources G&G Spring 1982
Timescale
The source qualitatively describes the radiation colouring as occurring over 'a geologic time span' but gives no numerical age or duration.
Sources GIA Citrine Description · G&G Spring 1982 · G&G Summer 2019
Related base materials
- Quartz (SiO2): colour-trade-name-of | Lemon quartz is a commercial colour name for yellow to yellowish-green quartz
- Amethyst: natural colour-change precursor | Natural yellow/green quartz can form from amethyst under specific geological conditions
Supporting findings
Under particular geologic conditions, amethyst can turn in nature into citrine, which is more common, or into the rarer green quartz.
Evidence grade BScope: Based on a study of one locality on the California–Nevada border; not to be extrapolated to all yellow/green quartz.
Causes of colour and optical effects
The colour shift from amethystine to citrine or green quartz is attributed to low-grade radiation together with later extruding volcanic bodies of high temperature.
Evidence grade BScope: A tentative interpretation in the source ('believed to be responsible'), not the single established mechanism.
Other research findings
Most market yellow quartz is not natural but produced by heat-treating amethyst, turning pale violet into yellow.
Evidence grade BScope: Stated for the citrine market; 'lemon quartz' is another trade name whose origin likewise needs testing.
Sources GIA Citrine Description
'Lemon quartz' is a trade colour name for yellow to yellow-green quartz, not a mineral species; its colour origin (natural/treated/synthetic) must be confirmed by testing.
Evidence grade CScope: Defines the nature of the name only; the material is mineralogically quartz and its colour origin requires gemological testing.
Sources GIA Citrine Description · G&G Summer 2019
Limits of this research
- Research status: Formation, occurrence or other material-specific findings found in authoritative sources
- 'Lemon quartz' is a trade colour name with no authoritative mineralogical definition.
- The natural colour-change mechanism comes from a 1982 study of a single locality (California–Nevada border) and is a tentative interpretation that does not cover all yellow/green quartz.
- The sources give no absolute age or duration for natural yellow/green quartz and do not define 'lemon quartz' itself.
Methodology
- Origin determination and its limits
- Quality grading and value factors
- How gemmology became a technical discipline
Evidence grades
- A
- Standards bodies, government geological surveys, peer-reviewed research and museum records
- B
- Institutional educational material
- C
- Specialist databases or cautious readings
A statement is never graded above its strongest source.
This section is LumaLark's own factual restatement of public authoritative sources, credited item by item; it contains no verbatim excerpts, images or third-party logos.
DecideListing name, disclosure, care and treatments
- Suggested listing name
- Yellow-green Quartz (trade name: Lemon Quartz; state whether the colour is irradiated)
GB/T 16552—2017 5.1.1 c) · CIBJO Gemmological Laboratories Book 2024 §7.2.1.60 “Citrine”
Construction or treatment status
Natural identity; treatment status unknown
Treatments recorded for this material: Heated / Heat-treated (via parent material), Irradiated (via parent material), Filled / Fracture-filled (via parent material), Dyed (via parent material), Coated (via parent material)
Related:Disclosure and cautions
This page cannot answer
Natural? · Origin · Price
A lab report settles these; this wiki covers naming and disclosure.
Related:What this page can answer
Answer at a glance
"Yellow-green Quartz (trade name: Lemon Quartz)" is a market name rather than a mineral species name; before using it, verify: Trade name rather than a mineralogical species name. Laboratory identification required before the name is used.
Evidence
- CIBJO · 7.2.1.60
What this means for you
Before buying, check the recommended listing name "Yellow-green Quartz (trade name: Lemon Quartz; state whether the colour is irradiated)" and any disclosed treatments on this page, and ask the seller for a grading report if in doubt.
Known uncertainty
- This entry's exact material identity is not fully settled.
- See “Disclosure and cautions” above
- Last reviewed
- 2026-09-01
Trade-name ruling
- Trade name rather than a mineralogical species name.
- Laboratory identification required before the name is used.
- Suggested listing name
- Yellow-green Quartz (trade name: Lemon Quartz; state whether the colour is irradiated)
Care and wear
No care facts are recorded for this entry itself. Its parent material has care records: see Quartz.
Treatments and identification leads
One row per treatment, with three standards side by side: how often it occurs and how stable it is (CIBJO), its category in GB/T 16552—2017 Table B.1 (this site's paraphrase) and how the JJA/AGL 2025 table lists it. Each CIBJO value links to its entry under “Testing and market”, where the wording and source are given in full.
This table scrolls sideways on narrow screens.
| Treatment | Market frequency (CIBJO) | Stability (CIBJO) | GB/T 16552 category | JJA/AGL listing | Identification leads |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Heating | — | — | Optimization | — | — |
| Irradiation | — | — | Optimization | — | — |
| Filling | — | — | Graded — see §5.4.1, Table 1 | — | — |
| Dyeing | — | — | Treatment | — | — |
| Coating | — | — | Treatment | — | — |
“—” means the cited source gives no value for that item, not “none”. Source: GB/T 16552—2017 Table B.1 (row for Rock Crystal)
Whether a treatment has to show in the name differs between the two rule sets (this site’s paraphrase):
- GB/T 16552—2017: a method classed as treatment has to be stated in the name itself — the method put before the name, or added in brackets after it; a method classed as optimization does not need to appear in the name, though one marked “Optimization (annotation required)” still has to be noted in the quality documents. Source: §5.4.2.1 a), b); §5.4.2.2 a)
- CIBJO Gemstone Book 2022: no longer splits treatments into ones that need specific disclosure and ones that need only general disclosure: every treatment is to be disclosed, and the seller tells the buyer which treatment was used and what special care it calls for. Source: §4.2.5 Note 2, §4.2.5.1, pp.14–15
VerifyNames, standards, technical facts, clauses and sources
Names
For Yellow-green Quartz, "Lemon quartz" is recorded with no restriction on use as a name, while "Lemon Citrine" must not be used as a name (CIBJO Gemmological Laboratories Book 2024 §7.2.1.60 “Citrine”; 16 CFR Part 23 §23.26(a); 16 CFR Part 23 §23.1; CIBJO Gemstone Book 2022 §4.2.4.5); 3 further names in non-Latin scripts are listed in the name register below (3 with no restriction recorded on use as a name).
Name register
Every name recorded for this entry, with how it is classified, whether it may be matched to this entry automatically, whether it may be used as a product name, and the clause it rests on.
This table scrolls sideways on narrow screens.
| Name | Type | Matching | Use as a name | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| no restriction recorded (4) | ||||
| Lemon quartzEnglish | market name | matched automatically | no restriction recorded | editorial ruling (no clause cited) |
| レモンシトリンJapanese | market name | search candidate only | no restriction recorded | CIBJO Gemmological Laboratories Book 2024 §7.2.1.60 “Citrine” |
| 柠檬黄晶Simplified Chinese | historical name | matched automatically | no restriction recorded | editorial ruling (no clause cited); Note: A separate entry until the merge of 2026-08-14. |
| 檸檬黃晶Traditional Chinese | historical name | matched automatically | no restriction recorded | editorial ruling (no clause cited); Note: A separate entry until the merge of 2026-08-14. |
| not to be used as a name (1) | ||||
| Lemon CitrineEnglish | market name | matched automatically | not to be used as a name | CIBJO Gemmological Laboratories Book 2024 §7.2.1.60 “Citrine”; 16 CFR Part 23 §23.26(a); 16 CFR Part 23 §23.1; CIBJO Gemstone Book 2022 4.2.4.5; Note: Using “citrine” for yellowish-green material breaches FTC §23.26(a) / §23.1; kept for search only. |
How each authority words this name: see Names › Authority wording.
- GSJ (Japan) formal name
- 黄緑色クォーツ（商業名：レモンクォーツ） (not yet checked for this body — the entry's own Japanese name is shown)
- GB/T naming counterpart (this name is not in the standard)
- 水晶 (GB/T 16552—2017 §5.1.1 c))
- Mineralogical name
- Yellow to yellow-green quartz sold under a trade name; colour origin/treatment requires evidence
- Trade names and synonyms
- Lemon quartz (market name)Not to be used as a name: Lemon Citrine (market name)
Four-language names
- 简体中文
- 柠檬晶
- 繁體中文
- 檸檬晶
- English
- Yellow-green Quartz (trade name: Lemon Quartz)
- 日本語
- 黄緑色クォーツ（商業名：レモンクォーツ）
Qualifiers stripped from the headline name
See also: Misleading and prohibited trade names · Supplementary name index
Classification
- Origin
- Natural materials
- Material domain
- Natural inorganic gem materials
- Browsing family
- Quartz and chalcedony materials
- Identity tier
- Trade name: colour / appearance variety
- Mineral chemical class
- Silicates
- Construction or treatment status
- Natural identity; treatment status unknown
Treatments listed by standards
For Yellow-green Quartz in GB/T 16552—2017 Annex B, Table B.1, the treatment classification is applied by this site from the "Rock Crystal" row: heating is an optimization, irradiation is an optimization, the category of filling is defined by the GB/T 16552—2017 grades, dyeing is a treatment and coating is a treatment; the names and categories of the treatments follow the "Rock Crystal" row. The effects of each treatment are explained on the Rock Crystal entry; what Table B.1 is, and how the filling grades are defined, are on the Gem treatments page.
GB/T 16552-2017, Annex B, Table B.1
Under the “Rock Crystal” row of Table B.1: Heating Optimization; Irradiation Optimization; Filling Graded — see §5.4.1, Table 1; Dyeing Treatment; Coating Treatment. The full row, with the effect column, is on the Rock Crystal page.
What Table B.1 is, and how the “see 5.4.1” grades are defined: see the GB/T 16552: optimization vs treatment page.
What it is and how it's identified
The material facts for Yellow-green Quartz are written by the cited clause for rock crystal as a whole class and are not measurements of Yellow-green Quartz alone. Whole-class features such as chemical composition, fluorescence, UV-visible spectrum, infrared spectrum and magnification are written for rock crystal as a whole and are not listed again on the Yellow-green Quartz entry; see the material facts on the Rock Crystal entry. Registered for rock crystal as a whole: the overall structure is crystalline, trigonal, with hexagonal prismatic crystals bearing pronounced horizontal striations; Mohs hardness is 7 and cleavage none; density is 2.64–2.69 g/cm³, which this site notes is derived from the cited clause's 2.66 with a tolerance of +0.03/−0.02; optical character is anisotropic, uniaxial positive, and a bull's-eye interference figure may appear; refractive index is 1.544–1.553 and birefringence 0.009. Registered for rock crystal as a whole in the untreated state, pleochroism is weak and varies with colour, and lustre (quality factor) is vitreous. Also registered for rock crystal as a whole, among optical effects chatoyancy can be seen, and asterism can be seen as six-rayed stars, mostly in rose quartz.
Registered material facts
Each row carries its own source and check date and can be cited on its own; “—” means the cited source gives no value, not “none”.
Chemical composition, luminescence, UV-visible spectrum, infrared spectrum, magnification: these whole-class features are given in the cited clause for rock crystal (the whole class), so they are not repeated on the Yellow-green Quartz page; see the material facts on the Rock Crystal entry.
Items below that name the class they cover give the cited clause’s value for that whole class, not a measurement of Yellow-green Quartz (how to read class-level values).
Structure
Yellow-green Quartz sold as Lemon Quartz — structure (overall): crystalline
GB/T 16553—2017
- Does this standard apply
- applies to this entry
- What this covers
- rock crystal (the whole class)
Source & check 2026-09-26
- Source
- GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.1.16 (locator checked 2026-09-26)
- Fact checked on
- 2026-09-26
Yellow-green Quartz sold as Lemon Quartz — structure (crystal system): trigonal
GB/T 16553—2017
- Does this standard apply
- applies to this entry
- What this covers
- rock crystal (the whole class)
Source & check 2026-09-26
- Source
- GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.1.16 (locator checked 2026-09-26)
- Fact checked on
- 2026-09-26
Yellow-green Quartz sold as Lemon Quartz — structure (crystal habit): hexagonal prisms with prominent horizontal striations on the prism faces
GB/T 16553—2017
- Does this standard apply
- applies to this entry
- What this covers
- rock crystal (the whole class)
Source & check 2026-09-26
- Source
- GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.1.16 (locator checked 2026-09-26)
- Fact checked on
- 2026-09-26
Durability
Yellow-green Quartz sold as Lemon Quartz — Mohs hardness: 7
GB/T 16553—2017
Reference points on this site: Talc 1–3, Fluorite 4, Apatite 5–5.5, Orthoclase 6–6.5, Topaz 8, Diamond 10 (Source: GB/T 16553—2017); Gypsum 1.5–2, Calcite 3, Quartz 7 (Source: Handbook of Mineralogy); Corundum 9 (Source: GIA Gem Encyclopedia (care guide))
- Does this standard apply
- applies to this entry
- What this covers
- rock crystal (the whole class)
Source & check 2026-09-26
- Source
- GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.1.16 (locator checked 2026-09-26)
- Fact checked on
- 2026-09-26
Yellow-green Quartz sold as Lemon Quartz — cleavage: none
GB/T 16553—2017
- Does this standard apply
- applies to this entry
- What this covers
- rock crystal (the whole class)
Source & check 2026-09-26
- Source
- GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.1.16 (locator checked 2026-09-26)
- Fact checked on
- 2026-09-26
Physical properties
Yellow-green Quartz sold as Lemon Quartz — density: 2.64–2.69 g/cm³
GB/T 16553—2017
- Does this standard apply
- applies to this entry
- What this covers
- rock crystal (the whole class)
- Qualification
The clause we cite gives 2.66, with a stated tolerance of +0.03 / -0.02. The range shown here is worked out from that.
Source & check 2026-09-26
- Source
- GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.1.16 (locator checked 2026-09-26)
- Fact checked on
- 2026-09-26
Optical
Yellow-green Quartz sold as Lemon Quartz — optic character: anisotropic material, uniaxial, with positive optic character; a “Bull's eye” interference figure may be present, and Brazil-law twinning is common in amethyst.
GB/T 16553—2017
- Does this standard apply
- applies to this entry
- What this covers
- rock crystal (the whole class)
Source & check 2026-09-26
- Source
- GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.1.16 (locator checked 2026-09-26)
- Fact checked on
- 2026-09-26
Yellow-green Quartz sold as Lemon Quartz — refractive index: 1.544–1.553
GB/T 16553—2017
- Does this standard apply
- applies to this entry
- What this covers
- rock crystal (the whole class)
Source & check 2026-09-26
- Source
- GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.1.16 (locator checked 2026-09-26)
- Fact checked on
- 2026-09-26
Yellow-green Quartz sold as Lemon Quartz — birefringence: 0.009
GB/T 16553—2017
- Does this standard apply
- applies to this entry
- What this covers
- rock crystal (the whole class)
Source & check 2026-09-26
- Source
- GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.1.16 (locator checked 2026-09-26)
- Fact checked on
- 2026-09-26
Yellow-green Quartz sold as Lemon Quartz — pleochroism: weak; it depends on the body colour.
GB/T 16553—2017
- Treatment state
- untreated
- Does this standard apply
- applies to this entry
- What this covers
- rock crystal (the whole class)
Source & check 2026-09-26
- Source
- GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.1.16 (locator checked 2026-09-26)
- Fact checked on
- 2026-09-26
Yellow-green Quartz sold as Lemon Quartz — optical effect (chatoyancy): seen
GB/T 16553—2017
- Does this standard apply
- applies to this entry
- What this covers
- rock crystal (the whole class)
Source & check 2026-09-26
- Source
- GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.1.16 (locator checked 2026-09-26)
- Fact checked on
- 2026-09-26
Yellow-green Quartz sold as Lemon Quartz — optical effect (asterism): seen; a six-rayed star, common in rose quartz.
GB/T 16553—2017
- Does this standard apply
- applies to this entry
- What this covers
- rock crystal (the whole class)
Source & check 2026-09-26
- Source
- GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.1.16 (locator checked 2026-09-26)
- Fact checked on
- 2026-09-26
- CIBJO definitions
- chatoyancy, asterism
Quality factors
Yellow-green Quartz sold as Lemon Quartz — quality factor (lustre): vitreous
GB/T 16553—2017
- Treatment state
- untreated
- Does this standard apply
- applies to this entry
- What this covers
- rock crystal (the whole class)
Source & check 2026-09-26
- Source
- GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.1.16 (locator checked 2026-09-26)
- Fact checked on
- 2026-09-26
Each row's “Source & check” expands to the full source; the date beside it is the fact check date.
This material (RI / SG midpoints): 1.548 / 2.67; Closest values: 1Agate 1.537 / 2.63, 2Shoushan Stone 1.56 / 2.7, 3Changhua Stone 1.56 / 2.6, 4Bamboo Coral 1.57 / 2.65, 5Synthetic Beryl 1.57 / 2.69
Show the full chart (330 registered materials)
Outside the full chart's range, drawn as triangles at the edge (RI / SG midpoints): Hematite 3.045/5.12, Synthetic Rutile 2.76/4.26, Rutile 2.753/4.23, Synthetic Moissanite 2.67/3.22
Evidence and sources
Authority basis and clause sources
Sources
- CIBJO – The World Jewellery Confederation. Gemmological Laboratories Book (Blue Book), Gemmological Commission 2024-1.
- CIBJO – The World Jewellery Confederation. The Gemstone Book (Blue Book), 2022.
- SAMR / SAC (China). GB/T 16552—2017 Gems — Nomenclature.
- GIA – Gemological Institute of America (United States). Gem Encyclopedia.
- Gem-A – The Gemmological Association of Great Britain (United Kingdom).
Further reading
Related entries and topic cluster
Parent entry and related pages on this site. Rows marked “Planned” are suggested new content and have no link yet.
Related-entry tree for Quartz on this site: 74 entries listed by this site's parent-entry links; synthetic, treated and similar entries carry their recorded state after the name; this page (Yellow-green Quartz) is marked.
- Quartz
Sub-entries (57)
- Agate
Sub-entries (1)
- Amethyst
- Ametrine
- Aventurine Quartz
- Aventurine Quartz / Green Aventurine
- Banded Agate
- Black Agate
- Bloodstone / Heliotrope
- Blue Lace Agate
- Carnelian
- Chalcedony
Sub-entries (2)
- Chrysoprase
- Citrine
- Clear Quartz / Rock Crystal
- Coated Quartz
- Colourless to White Quartz (brand name: Azeztulite)
- Crazy Lace Agate
- Dendritic Agate
- Dyed Agate (Treated: dyed)
- Elestial Quartz / Skeletal Quartz
- Eye Agate
- Flower Agate / Cherry Blossom Agate
- Green Quartz
- High-clarity quartz with golden needle-like inclusions
- Included Quartz
- Jasper
Sub-entries (1)
- Madeira Citrine
- Malachite Agate
- Morion / very dark Smoky Quartz
- Moss Agate
- Moss Chalcedony
- Multi-inclusion Quartz
- Onyx (banded chalcedony)
- Phantom Quartz
- Prase
- Prasiolite / Green Quartz
- Quartz Cat’s-eye
- Quartz claimed to be from the Himalayas
- Quartz Crystal
- Quartz with dark needle-like inclusions
- Quartz with fine fibrous inclusions
- Quartz with flower-like inclusions
- Quartz with golden needle-like inclusions
- Quartz with green needle-like inclusions
- Quartzite Jade
- Quartzose Jade
- Red Agate
- Rock Crystal
- Rose Quartz
- Rutilated Quartz
- Sard
- Sardonyx
- Silicified Asbestos
Sub-entries (2)
- Hawk’s Eye
- Tiger’s Eye
Sub-entries (1)
- Smoky Quartz
- Smoky Quartz (brown variety)
- Strawberry Quartz
- Yellow-green Quartz
- Agate
This table scrolls sideways on narrow screens.
| Page | Content | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Browsing family | Quartz and chalcedony materials | Live |
| Treatments recorded for this material | Heated / Heat-treated (via parent material), Irradiated (via parent material), Filled / Fracture-filled (via parent material), Dyed (via parent material), Coated (via parent material) | Live |
| Related articles | To be added (placeholder) | Planned |
Who maintains this page
The material facts in the Yellow-green Quartz entry are maintained by the LumaLark wiki and matched one by one to the standard clauses or institutional sources they cite: every fact carries its source (with a clause or page locator) and a check date, so it can be traced back to the original. The entry exists so that buyers and sellers can check naming, disclosure and material facts item by item.