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Natural inorganic gem materials · Mineral / gemstone variety · Natural identity; treatment status unknown

Chrysoprase

Also known asChrysoprase chalcedony

A nickel-bearing green variety of Chalcedony, listed separately in CIBJO Gemmological Laboratories Book 2024 §7.2.1.58, while the name does not appear anywhere in GB/T 16552-2017; the cause of colour must be confirmed. This page compares how the major standards and institutions name it, what must be disclosed when selling it, whether it can be worn every day, how it is treated and identified, and which source each conclusion comes from.

Price, rarity and origin are outside the scope of this wiki.

Care and wear

What this page can answer

This page covers

What we cannot conclude

  • Whether one particular bead is natural, treated or synthetic — only a laboratory report can settle that.
  • Geographic origin, unless an origin report accompanies the item.
  • Price, rarity or investment value: this wiki covers naming and disclosure only.

Material research: formation, causes and history

What authoritative sources say about how this material forms, what causes its colour and optical effects, where its name comes from and how people have used it. Each statement carries an evidence grade and its sources; it describes the material in general, not any specific piece.

How it forms

Chrysoprase is the nickel-bearing green variety of chalcedony (microcrystalline quartz). Chalcedony is a fibrous microcrystalline low-α quartz, a cryptocrystalline silica material commonly intergrown with moganite. Natural green chalcedony derives its colour from trace chromophore elements: GIA's study of a natural bluish green chalcedony showed the colour to arise from chromium and nickel (with iron, vanadium and copper in some samples), with broad absorption bands near 420 nm and 600 nm and sharp chromium-related peaks at 646 nm, 676 nm and 679 nm; known green chalcedony varieties such as chrysoprase range from yellowish green to greenish blue. Moganite in chalcedony transforms to low-α quartz over geological time, so its content serves as a maturity indicator.

Scope: Applies to the colouring mechanism and identity definition of chrysoprase as nickel-bearing green chalcedony; the specific attribution of nickel colouring follows database classification, this literature was verified on closely related natural chalcedony, and the GB/T clauses cannot be verified.

Sources G&G Winter 2015 · G&G Fall 2013

Where it forms

Cavities in igneous and sedimentary rocks (e.g., basalt geodes); hydrothermal settings

Sources G&G Fall 2013

How it forms, step by step

  1. Silica-bearing fluids enter rock cavities or fractures.

    Sources G&G Fall 2013
  2. Fibrous microcrystalline low-α quartz (chalcedony), with moganite, precipitates, often growing from the cavity rim inward.

    Sources G&G Fall 2013
  3. Trace nickel (with chromium, etc.) enters the material, colouring the chalcedony green to bluish green.

    Sources G&G Fall 2013

Link to appearance

Green reflects trace chromophores (nickel, chromium, etc.); chalcedony is translucent with waxy lustre as a cryptocrystalline aggregate showing granular/fibrous texture on fractures.

Sources G&G Winter 2015

Timescale

Moganite transforms to low-α quartz over tens of millions of years (Heaney, 1995), a maturity/timescale indicator.

Sources G&G Winter 2015 · G&G Fall 2013

Related base materials

  • Chalcedony (microcrystalline quartz): variety-of | Chrysoprase is the nickel-bearing green variety of chalcedony (cryptocrystalline quartz)

Supporting findings

Chalcedony is fibrous microcrystalline low-α quartz intergrown with moganite; moganite transforms to low-α quartz over tens of millions of years and its content is a maturity indicator.

Evidence grade A

Scope: Describes chalcedony mineralogy and maturity; not specific to one colour variety.

Sources G&G Fall 2013

Recorded localities

Authoritative sources list the localities below; the list is not exhaustive.

Locality sketch mapLand outlines only; the map does not depict any national or regional boundary. Dots mark approximate positions. Base map: Natural Earth (public domain).

Africa

Asia

Europe

North America

South America

Oceania

These are localities recorded by authoritative sources, not an origin finding for any individual piece. The CIBJO Gemstone Book (2022, §4.2.3) says a place of origin names where a gem was mined or harvested, is a matter of opinion, does not imply a level of quality, and that cutting, processing or exporting centres must not be used to imply origin. See how far testing can go on this page, the origin determination guide and the overview of recorded localities.

Causes of colour and optical effects

Natural green chalcedony is coloured by trace elements; GIA's study of a natural bluish green chalcedony showed the colour to arise from chromium and nickel.

Evidence grade A

Scope: Chromophore evidence is from a related natural bluish green chalcedony; chrysoprase is characterised by nickel, by its usual classification.

Sources G&G Winter 2015

How it is identified

Chalcedony in this colour range is often dyed or imitated, and its look does not prove what the material is or whether it was treated. Naming and disclosure rules cover artificial and treated products, but deciding whether a given specimen is natural, dyed or an imitation calls for laboratory testing. The conclusion should come from a qualified gem laboratory; it cannot be inferred from appearance.

Evidence grade B

Scope: A conservative call: the listed source provides naming and disclosure rules only, with no material-specific tests.

Sources CIBJO Gemstone Book 2022

Other research findings

Well-known green chalcedony forms include chrysoprase and Gem Silica, which range in hue from yellowish green to greenish blue.

Evidence grade A

Scope: Defines the colour range of green chalcedony varieties; not a specimen identification.

Sources G&G Winter 2015

Limits of this research

  • Research status: Formation, occurrence or other material-specific findings found in authoritative sources
  • The full texts of GB/T 16552-2017 and GB/T 34098-2017 are not obtainable; no clause text was verified and no classification table was invented.
  • The cited sources give no dedicated definition of the Chinese trade name Chrysoprase; the nickel-colour conclusion is drawn from a related natural green/bluish green chalcedony study.

Methodology

Evidence grades

A
Standards bodies, government geological surveys, peer-reviewed research and museum records
B
Institutional educational material
C
Specialist databases or cautious readings

A statement is never graded above its strongest source.

This section is LumaLark's own factual restatement of public authoritative sources, credited item by item; it contains no verbatim excerpts, images or third-party logos.

DecideListing name, disclosure, care and treatments

Suggested listing name
Chrysoprase

CIBJO Gemmological Laboratories Book 2024 §7.2.1.58 “Chrysoprase”

Construction or treatment status

Natural identity; treatment status unknown

Treatments recorded for this material: Heated / Heat-treated (via parent material), Filled / Fracture-filled (via parent material), Dyed (via parent material)

Related:Disclosure and cautions

This page cannot answer

Natural? · Origin · Price

A lab report settles these; this wiki covers naming and disclosure.

Related:What this page can answer

Answer at a glance

The green colouring element and the chalcedony host must be confirmed; dyed imitations are common.

Evidence

  • CIBJO · 7.2.1.58

What this means for you

Before buying, check the recommended listing name "Chrysoprase" and any disclosed treatments on this page, and ask the seller for a grading report if in doubt.

Known uncertainty

Last reviewed
2026-09-01

Care and wear

Care

Chrysoprase — care (special care): normal care

AGTA Gemstone Information Manual, 17th ed.

Treatment state
untreated
Source & check 2026-09-26
Source
Fact checked on
2026-09-26

Each row's “Source & check” expands to the full source; the date beside it is the fact check date.

Treatments and identification leads

One row per treatment, with three standards side by side: how often it occurs and how stable it is (CIBJO), its category in GB/T 16552—2017 Table B.1 (this site's paraphrase) and how the JJA/AGL 2025 table lists it. Each CIBJO value links to its entry under “Testing and market”, where the wording and source are given in full.

This table scrolls sideways on narrow screens.

TreatmentMarket frequency (CIBJO)Stability (CIBJO)GB/T 16552 categoryJJA/AGL listingIdentification leads
Heating——Optimization——
Filling——Graded — see §5.4.1, Table 1——
Dyeing——Optimization——

“—” means the cited source gives no value for that item, not “none”. Source: GB/T 16552—2017 Table B.1 (row for Chalcedony); JJA/AGL 2025

Whether a treatment has to show in the name differs between the two rule sets (this site’s paraphrase):

  • GB/T 16552—2017: a method classed as treatment has to be stated in the name itself — the method put before the name, or added in brackets after it; a method classed as optimization does not need to appear in the name, though one marked “Optimization (annotation required)” still has to be noted in the quality documents. Source: §5.4.2.1 a), b); §5.4.2.2 a)
  • CIBJO Gemstone Book 2022: no longer splits treatments into ones that need specific disclosure and ones that need only general disclosure: every treatment is to be disclosed, and the seller tells the buyer which treatment was used and what special care it calls for. Source: §4.2.5 Note 2, §4.2.5.1, pp.14–15

What this table covers

What this page can give

  • Registered treatments, their stability and how often they occur (see the table above)
  • Identification leads for each treatment, for use when sending a stone for testing

VerifyNames, standards, technical facts, clauses and sources

Names

Besides Chrysoprase, the name register records "Chrysoprase chalcedony", for which no restriction on use as a name is recorded.

Standard and listing namesChrysoprase is not listed in GB/T 16552—2017; its national-standard naming counterpart is the "Chalcedony (Agate/Jasper)" row of Table A.2. The suggested listing name is "Chrysoprase". Trade and mineralogical namesThe trade name or synonym is Chrysoprase chalcedony, and the mineralogical name is a nickel-bearing green variety of chalcedony. Names in four languagesThe four-language names cover Simplified Chinese, Traditional Chinese, English (Chrysoprase) and Japanese. Institution usageOn authority wording, the CIBJO Gemmological Laboratories Book 2024 lists Chrysoprase; the FTC text has no wording for this name (checked); GIA and Gem-A have not been checked. Japanese namesThe Japanese name is the entry's own, and the GSJ (Japan) wording for Chrysoprase has not yet been verified by this site.

Name register

Every name recorded for this entry, with how it is classified, whether it may be matched to this entry automatically, whether it may be used as a product name, and the clause it rests on.

This table scrolls sideways on narrow screens.

NameTypeMatchingUse as a nameBasis
no restriction recorded (1)
Chrysoprase chalcedonyEnglishmarket namematched automaticallyno restriction recordededitorial ruling (no clause cited)

How each authority words this name: see Names › Authority wording.

Authority wording

GIA, FTC, CIBJO, Gem-A
Chrysoprase (on record for CIBJO (CIBJO Gemmological Laboratories Book 2024); no wording for this name in the FTC text on file; GIA, Gem-A unchecked — bodies without a recorded wording show the entry's own English name)
GSJ (Japan) formal name
クリソプレーズ/緑玉髄 (not yet checked for this body — the entry's own Japanese name is shown)
GB/T naming counterpart (this name is not in the standard)
玉髓 (GB/T 16552—2017 Table A.2, row “Chalcedony(Agate/Jasper)”)
Mineralogical name
Green nickel-bearing chalcedony variety
Trade names and synonyms
Chrysoprase chalcedony (market name)

Four-language names

简体中文
绿玉髓
繁體中文
綠玉髓
English
Chrysoprase
日本語
クリソプレーズ/緑玉髄

See also: Misleading and prohibited trade names · Supplementary name index

Classification

Origin
Natural materials
Material domain
Natural inorganic gem materials
Browsing family
Quartz and chalcedony materials
Identity tier
Mineral / gemstone variety
Mineral chemical class
Silicates
Construction or treatment status
Natural identity; treatment status unknown

Treatments listed by standards

GB/T 16552-2017, Annex B, Table B.1

Under the “Chalcedony (Agate/Jasper)” row of Table B.1: Heating Optimization; Filling Graded — see §5.4.1, Table 1; Dyeing Optimization. The full row, with the effect column, is on the Chalcedony page.

What Table B.1 is, and how the “see 5.4.1” grades are defined: see the GB/T 16552: optimization vs treatment page.

JJA/AGL (Japan) table of principal gem names, 2025

This table scrolls sideways on narrow screens.

Gem nameSpeciesColourListed in the tableNotes
ChrysopraseQuartzgreen (nickel)an untreated tier is listed

JJA/AGL definitions and nomenclature (2025 revision), table of principal gem names, p.11

How to read the JJA/AGL table: see the Gem treatments page.

What it is and how it's identified

Chrysoprase is composed of quartz (phase), and when untreated its body colour is light to medium (yellowish) green; composition and body colour are recorded from the CIBJO Gemmological Laboratories Book 2024. This site notes that in the CIBJO Gemmological Laboratories Book the colour descriptions of entries such as demantoid, green quartz and prehnite also mention green or greenish tones. The cited clause in GB/T 16553—2017 is given for chalcedony (including agate and jasper, the whole class): structure (overall) a cryptocrystalline aggregate, dense and massive, and may also form spherulitic, radial or finely fibrous aggregates; Mohs hardness 5–7; density 2.5–2.77 g/cm³; optic character anisotropic aggregate; refractive index 1.535–1.539, and this site notes that the cited clause has finer ranges and the overall value is recorded; birefringence not measurable on an aggregate.

Registered material facts

Each row carries its own source and check date and can be cited on its own; “—” means the cited source gives no value, not “none”.

Chemical composition, luminescence, UV-visible spectrum, infrared spectrum, magnification: these whole-class features are given in the cited clause for chalcedony, including agate and jasper (the whole class), so they are not repeated on the Chrysoprase page; see the material facts on the Chalcedony entry.

Items below that name the class they cover give the cited clause’s value for that whole class, not a measurement of Chrysoprase (how to read class-level values).

Definition

Chrysoprase — composition (phase): quartz

CIBJO Gemmological Laboratories Book 2024

Source & check 2026-09-22
Source
Fact checked on
2026-09-22

Structure

Chrysoprase — structure (overall): a cryptocrystalline aggregate, dense and massive in habit; it may also form spherulitic, radial or finely fibrous aggregates.

GB/T 16553—2017

Does this standard apply
applies to this entry
What this covers
chalcedony, including agate and jasper (the whole class)
Source & check 2026-09-26
Source
  • GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.2.5 (locator checked 2026-09-26)
Fact checked on
2026-09-26

Durability

Chrysoprase — Mohs hardness: 5–7

GB/T 16553—2017

123456789105–7References (diamond = value, bar = range; below)

Reference points on this site: Talc 1–3, Fluorite 4, Apatite 5–5.5, Orthoclase 6–6.5, Topaz 8, Diamond 10 (Source: GB/T 16553—2017); Gypsum 1.5–2, Calcite 3, Quartz 7 (Source: Handbook of Mineralogy); Corundum 9 (Source: GIA Gem Encyclopedia (care guide))

Mohs hardnessSource: GB/T 16553—2017
Does this standard apply
applies to this entry
What this covers
chalcedony, including agate and jasper (the whole class)
Source & check 2026-09-26
Source
  • GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.2.5 (locator checked 2026-09-26)
Fact checked on
2026-09-26

Chrysoprase — cleavage: none

GB/T 16553—2017

Does this standard apply
applies to this entry
What this covers
chalcedony, including agate and jasper (the whole class)
Source & check 2026-09-26
Source
  • GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.2.5 (locator checked 2026-09-26)
Fact checked on
2026-09-26

Physical properties

Chrysoprase — density: 2.5–2.77 g/cm³

GB/T 16553—2017

0.51.52.53.54.55.56.57.52.5–2.77
Specific gravitySource: GB/T 16553—2017
Does this standard apply
applies to this entry
What this covers
chalcedony, including agate and jasper (the whole class)
Source & check 2026-09-26
Source
  • GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.2.5 (locator checked 2026-09-26)
Fact checked on
2026-09-26

Optical

Optical effects on record: iridescencechatoyancyrepresentative example: cause in Tiger’s Eye (schematic)

Chrysoprase — optic character: anisotropic aggregate

GB/T 16553—2017

Does this standard apply
applies to this entry
What this covers
chalcedony, including agate and jasper (the whole class)
Source & check 2026-09-26
Source
  • GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.2.5 (locator checked 2026-09-26)
Fact checked on
2026-09-26

Chrysoprase — refractive index: 1.535–1.539

GB/T 16553—2017

1.31.72.12.52.93.31.535–1.539
Refractive indexSource: GB/T 16553—2017
Does this standard apply
applies to this entry
What this covers
chalcedony, including agate and jasper (the whole class)
General note
the clause has finer ranges
Source & check 2026-09-26
Source
  • GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.2.5 (locator checked 2026-09-26)
Fact checked on
2026-09-26

Chrysoprase — birefringence: not measurable on an aggregate

GB/T 16553—2017

Does this standard apply
applies to this entry
What this covers
chalcedony, including agate and jasper (the whole class)
Source & check 2026-09-26
Source
  • GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.2.5 (locator checked 2026-09-26)
Fact checked on
2026-09-26

Chrysoprase — transparency: translucent to nearly transparent.

CIBJO Gemmological Laboratories Book 2024

Source & check 2026-09-22
Source
Fact checked on
2026-09-22

Chrysoprase — pleochroism: not measurable on an aggregate

GB/T 16553—2017

Treatment state
untreated
Does this standard apply
applies to this entry
What this covers
chalcedony, including agate and jasper (the whole class)
Source & check 2026-09-26
Source
  • GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.2.5 (locator checked 2026-09-26)
Fact checked on
2026-09-26

Chrysoprase — optical effect (iridescence): seen

GB/T 16553—2017

Does this standard apply
applies to this entry
What this covers
chalcedony, including agate and jasper (the whole class)
Source & check 2026-09-26
Source
  • GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.2.5 (locator checked 2026-09-26)
Fact checked on
2026-09-26

Chrysoprase — optical effect (chatoyancy): seen

GB/T 16553—2017

Does this standard apply
applies to this entry
What this covers
chalcedony, including agate and jasper (the whole class)
Source & check 2026-09-26
Source
  • GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.2.5 (locator checked 2026-09-26)
Fact checked on
2026-09-26

Chrysoprase — body colour: Light to medium (yellowish) green.

CIBJO Gemmological Laboratories Book 2024

Treatment state
untreated
Qualification

In chapter 7 of the CIBJO Gemmological Laboratories Book, the colour descriptions of Demantoid, Green Quartz, Prehnite and other entries also name green or a greenish colour.

General note
colour alone is not identity
Source & check 2026-09-26
Source
Fact checked on
2026-09-26
CIBJO definitions
chatoyancy

Quality factors

Chrysoprase — quality factor (lustre): vitreous to greasy

GB/T 16553—2017

Treatment state
untreated
Does this standard apply
applies to this entry
What this covers
chalcedony, including agate and jasper (the whole class)
Source & check 2026-09-26
Source
  • GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.2.5 (locator checked 2026-09-26)
Fact checked on
2026-09-26

Each row's “Source & check” expands to the full source; the date beside it is the fact check date.

1.521.531.541.551.561.572.42.52.62.72.8Refractive indexSpecific gravity12345Chrysoprase

This material (RI / SG midpoints): 1.537 / 2.63; Closest values: 1Amethyst 1.548 / 2.67, 2Charoite 1.554 / 2.66, 3Changhua Stone 1.56 / 2.6, 4Shoushan Stone 1.56 / 2.7, 5Balin Stone 1.56 / 2.55

Show the full chart (330 registered materials)1.41.51.61.71.81.922.12.22.32.41234567Refractive indexSpecific gravity12345Chrysoprase

Outside the full chart's range, drawn as triangles at the edge (RI / SG midpoints): Hematite 3.045/5.12, Synthetic Rutile 2.76/4.26, Rutile 2.753/4.23, Synthetic Moissanite 2.67/3.22

Refractive index × specific gravity (all registered materials)Each dot is one material's registered refractive index and specific gravity (range midpoints, not measurements); gold = this material, dark = the nearest few (picked on this site by distance in RI ÷ 0.02 and SG ÷ 0.1, leaving out near-identical varieties of the same species)Source: each material's registered refractive index and specific gravity facts (GB/T 16553 and others; sources on each entry)

Testing and market

The CIBJO laboratory protocol covers Chrysoprase under “Chalcedony” (§6.1.16): see identification on the Chalcedony entry; the required tests are listed on the CIBJO laboratory protocol table for Chalcedony.

How far testing can go

Each row's “Source & check” expands to the full source; the date beside it is the fact check date.

Clause-level definitions

Chrysoprase has a clause-level definition in the CIBJO Gemmological Laboratories Book 2024, under the entry name Chrysoprase. The definition states that the mineral species is quartz and the mineral/gemstone variety is Chrysoprase, with a fuller description referred to the original CIBJO Gemmological Laboratories Book 2024. Cross-check result: defined directly by CIBJO; the same English name was not found directly in the GB/T annex of this edition.

This table scrolls sideways on narrow screens.

TermClauseDefinitionCross-check
Chrysoprase7.2.1.58Light to medium (yellowish) green, translucent to nearly transparent chalcedony; colour due to nickelDefined directly by CIBJO; no identically named English entry was found in this edition of the GB/T annex.

Evidence and sources

Authority basis and clause sources

GB/T 16552—2017
Not listed the name does not occur anywhere in the text; scope: Chapter 1 “Scope” · Source
CIBJO Gemmological Laboratories Book 2024
Listed §7.2.1.58 “Chrysoprase” · Source

Sources

Further reading

Recorded cultural contexts

Birthstone list

The U.K. National Association of Jewellers chart lists Chrysoprase as an alternative for May. This records trade-association convention only; it does not establish material identity, natural origin, treatment, provenance, or effect.

Relation
Industry list inclusion

This table scrolls sideways on narrow screens.

Publisher or holderRegionFrom / periodSource and locator
National Association of JewellersUnited Kingdom—National Association of Jewellers, “Zodiac Birthstones Jewellery: Star Signs, Gemstones and Their Meaning” (web page, consulted 2026-08-22)
Zodiac birthstone chart, May row: Chrysoprase (Alternative)

Related entries and topic cluster

Parent entry and related pages on this site. Rows marked “Planned” are suggested new content and have no link yet.

Related-entry tree for Quartz on this site: 74 entries listed by this site's parent-entry links; synthetic, treated and similar entries carry their recorded state after the name; this page (Chrysoprase) is marked.

This table scrolls sideways on narrow screens.

PageContentStatus
Browsing familyQuartz and chalcedony materialsLive
Treatments recorded for this materialHeated / Heat-treated (via parent material), Filled / Fracture-filled (via parent material), Dyed (via parent material)Live
Related articlesTo be added (placeholder)Planned

Who maintains this page

The material facts in the Chrysoprase entry are maintained by the LumaLark wiki and matched one by one to the standard clauses or institutional sources they cite: every fact carries its source (with a clause or page locator) and a check date, so it can be traced back to the original; clause-level definitions also carry a cross-check result. The entry exists so that buyers and sellers can check naming, disclosure and material facts item by item.

Facts editor
Ralph
Reviewer
June
How facts are checked
Each fact is matched to the clause it cites; facts checked between 2026-09-22 and 2026-09-26
Last revised
2026-10-12
Purpose
Lets buyers and sellers check naming, disclosure and material facts clause by clause.

Spotted an error? Report it on the forum