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Natural inorganic gem materials · Trade name: colour / appearance variety · Natural identity; treatment status unknown

Bloodstone / Heliotrope

Also known asHeliotrope

Green chalcedony with red iron-oxide spots, also known in English as heliotrope; occasionally heat-treated. This page compares how the major standards and institutions name it, what must be disclosed when selling it, whether it can be worn every day, how it is treated and identified, and which source each conclusion comes from.

Price, rarity and origin are outside the scope of this wiki.

What this page can answer

This page covers

What we cannot conclude

  • Whether one particular bead is natural, treated or synthetic — only a laboratory report can settle that.
  • Geographic origin, unless an origin report accompanies the item.
  • Price, rarity or investment value: this wiki covers naming and disclosure only.

Material research: formation, causes and history

What authoritative sources say about how this material forms, what causes its colour and optical effects, where its name comes from and how people have used it. Each statement carries an evidence grade and its sources; it describes the material in general, not any specific piece.

How it forms

Bloodstone (also heliotrope) is the variety of green chalcedony containing red spots. Its genesis follows the chalcedony parent material: silica-rich fluids fill voids or fissures in the host rock cyclically from the rim toward the centre, precipitating layer by layer to form microcrystalline quartz. Its characteristic red spots are caused by Fe compounds such as iron oxide (hematite) — in banded chalcedony, red or brown-red parts are coloured by Fe compounds such as hematite and goethite, and Fe-bearing phases together with other solid inclusions incorporated under hydrothermal or hypogenic conditions make up the red spots in the chalcedony matrix. The green body colour of bloodstone comes from a separate colouring factor requiring separate identification. Chalcedony (including bloodstone-type material) may also be dyed, so natural and treated colour must be distinguished in identification.

Scope: Used to explain how bloodstone inherits the cavity-filling origin of chalcedony, and that its red spots derive from iron-bearing compounds such as iron oxides (hematite); the origin of the green body colour must be determined separately.

Sources G&G Fall 2013 · G&G Summer 2020 · G&G Spring 2020

Where it forms

Voids and vesicles in volcanic rock (geodes, vugs) and fissures in sedimentary rocks, where silica-rich fluids fill them cyclically to form chalcedony.

Sources G&G Fall 2013

Later hydrothermal and hypogenic settings, where Fe-bearing phases and other solid inclusions are incorporated into the silica matrix to form red spots.

Sources G&G Fall 2013

How it forms, step by step

  1. Silica-rich fluids enter voids or fissures in the host rock.

    Sources G&G Fall 2013
  2. Fluids circulate from the rim toward the centre, precipitating silica layer by layer as fibrous microcrystalline quartz (chalcedony).

    Sources G&G Fall 2013
  3. Fe compounds (such as hematite) and solid inclusions incorporated under hydrothermal/hypogenic conditions are distributed in the matrix, forming red spots.

    Sources G&G Fall 2013
  4. The green body colour arises from a separate colouring factor requiring separate identification, and chalcedony-type material may also be dyed.

    Sources G&G Fall 2013

Link to appearance

Green opaque-to-translucent chalcedony matrix with scattered red spots; the red spots are caused by iron oxide such as hematite, while the green body colour requires separate identification.

Sources G&G Fall 2013

Timescale

Sidi Rahal agate (chalcedonic) crystallization lasted millions of years and proceeded in stages; the moganite-to-low-quartz transformation generally occurs over tens of millions of years and can serve as a relative age indicator.

Sources G&G Fall 2013 · G&G Summer 2020 · G&G Spring 2020

Related base materials

  • Chalcedony: Bloodstone is the variety of green chalcedony containing red spots
  • Agate: Usually appears as an opaque to translucent chalcedony material

Supporting findings

Bloodstone inherits the chalcedony parent-material genesis: silica-rich fluids fill voids or fissures cyclically from rim to centre, precipitating microcrystalline quartz layer by layer.

Evidence grade A

Scope: Describes chalcedony's filling genesis; bloodstone's occurrence details are not covered individually.

Sources G&G Fall 2013

Fe-bearing phases and other solid inclusions were incorporated into the silica matrix under later hydrothermal or hypogenic conditions, forming the red spots in the chalcedony.

Evidence grade A

Scope: A general account of inclusion incorporation in chalcedony; the exact mineralogy of bloodstone's red spots needs case-by-case identification.

Sources G&G Fall 2013

Recorded localities

Authoritative sources list the localities below; the list is not exhaustive.

Locality sketch mapLand outlines only; the map does not depict any national or regional boundary. Dots mark approximate positions. Base map: Natural Earth (public domain).

Asia

North America

South America

Oceania

These are localities recorded by authoritative sources, not an origin finding for any individual piece. The CIBJO Gemstone Book (2022, §4.2.3) says a place of origin names where a gem was mined or harvested, is a matter of opinion, does not imply a level of quality, and that cutting, processing or exporting centres must not be used to imply origin. See how far testing can go on this page, the origin determination guide and the overview of recorded localities.

Causes of colour and optical effects

Bloodstone is the variety of green chalcedony containing red spots; the red spots are caused by Fe compounds such as iron oxide (hematite).

Evidence grade A

Scope: The iron-oxide red cause is drawn from studies of Fe-rich red zones in banded chalcedony, not from bloodstone specimens specifically.

Sources G&G Fall 2013

Other research findings

As chalcedony, bloodstone has a refractive index of about 1.53–1.54 and specific gravity of about 2.48–2.65, composed of quartz (possibly with moganite).

Evidence grade A

Scope: Laboratory ranges for chalcedony; iron admixture may slightly shift specific gravity.

Sources G&G Summer 2020 · G&G Spring 2020

Limits of this research

  • Research status: Formation, occurrence or other material-specific findings found in authoritative sources
  • The authoritative sources do not specifically discuss bloodstone; the red-spot colour cause is extrapolated from Fe-rich red zones in banded chalcedony.
  • The colouring factor of bloodstone's green body colour (e.g. chlorite and other mineral inclusions) is not covered by the cited sources and requires separate identification.

Methodology

Evidence grades

A
Standards bodies, government geological surveys, peer-reviewed research and museum records
B
Institutional educational material
C
Specialist databases or cautious readings

A statement is never graded above its strongest source.

This section is LumaLark's own factual restatement of public authoritative sources, credited item by item; it contains no verbatim excerpts, images or third-party logos.

DecideListing name, disclosure, care and treatments

Suggested listing name
Bloodstone / Heliotrope

GB/T 16552—2017 5.1.1 c) · CIBJO Gemmological Laboratories Book 2024 §7.2.1.105 “Heliotrope (bloodstone)”

Construction or treatment status

Natural identity; treatment status unknown

Treatments recorded for this material: Heated / Heat-treated (via parent material), Filled / Fracture-filled (via parent material), Dyed (via parent material)

Related:Disclosure and cautions

This page cannot answer

Natural? · Origin · Price

A lab report settles these; this wiki covers naming and disclosure.

Related:What this page can answer

Answer at a glance

Bloodstone / Heliotrope is Green chalcedony with red iron-oxide spots; use "Bloodstone / Heliotrope" for listings, and disclose any known treatments.

What this means for you

Before buying, check the recommended listing name "Bloodstone / Heliotrope" and any disclosed treatments on this page, and ask the seller for a grading report if in doubt.

Known uncertainty

Last reviewed
2026-09-01

Care and wear

No care facts are recorded for this entry itself. Its parent material has care records: see Quartz.

Treatments and identification leads

One row per treatment, with three standards side by side: how often it occurs and how stable it is (CIBJO), its category in GB/T 16552—2017 Table B.1 (this site's paraphrase) and how the JJA/AGL 2025 table lists it. Each CIBJO value links to its entry under “Testing and market”, where the wording and source are given in full.

This table scrolls sideways on narrow screens.

TreatmentMarket frequency (CIBJO)Stability (CIBJO)GB/T 16552 categoryJJA/AGL listingIdentification leads
Heating——Optimization——
Filling——Graded — see §5.4.1, Table 1——
Dyeing——Optimization——

“—” means the cited source gives no value for that item, not “none”. Source: GB/T 16552—2017 Table B.1 (row for Chalcedony); JJA/AGL 2025

Whether a treatment has to show in the name differs between the two rule sets (this site’s paraphrase):

  • GB/T 16552—2017: a method classed as treatment has to be stated in the name itself — the method put before the name, or added in brackets after it; a method classed as optimization does not need to appear in the name, though one marked “Optimization (annotation required)” still has to be noted in the quality documents. Source: §5.4.2.1 a), b); §5.4.2.2 a)
  • CIBJO Gemstone Book 2022: no longer splits treatments into ones that need specific disclosure and ones that need only general disclosure: every treatment is to be disclosed, and the seller tells the buyer which treatment was used and what special care it calls for. Source: §4.2.5 Note 2, §4.2.5.1, pp.14–15

What this table covers

What this page can give

  • Registered treatments, their stability and how often they occur (see the table above)
  • Identification leads for each treatment, for use when sending a stone for testing

VerifyNames, standards, technical facts, clauses and sources

Names

Besides Bloodstone / Heliotrope, the name register records "Heliotrope", for which no restriction on use as a name is recorded.

Chinese standard nameBloodstone / Heliotrope is not listed by name in the GB/T 16552—2017 nomenclature; the name comparison gives chalcedony as the national-standard naming counterpart, based on the "Chalcedony (Agate/Jasper)" row of GB/T 16552—2017 Table A.2. Names in four languagesThe four-language names cover Simplified Chinese, Traditional Chinese, English (Bloodstone / Heliotrope) and Japanese. Recommended listing nameThe suggested listing name is "Bloodstone"; the GB/T 16552—2017 naming rules require that a trade name should not be used on its own, so the label should give the basic name of the material followed by the trade name. Trade and mineralogical namesHeliotrope is an English trade name and synonym. The mineralogical name is described as green chalcedony with red iron-oxide spots. Institution usageOn wording checks, this site has not yet verified the wording of GIA, FTC, CIBJO, Gem-A or GSJ (Japan) for this name; the English name Bloodstone / Heliotrope and the Japanese name are the entry's own forms and do not represent the position of any body.

Name register

Every name recorded for this entry, with how it is classified, whether it may be matched to this entry automatically, whether it may be used as a product name, and the clause it rests on.

This table scrolls sideways on narrow screens.

NameTypeMatchingUse as a nameBasis
no restriction recorded (1)
HeliotropeEnglishsynonymmatched automaticallyno restriction recordededitorial ruling (no clause cited)

How each authority words this name: see Names › Authority wording.

Authority wording

GIA, FTC, CIBJO, Gem-A
Bloodstone / Heliotrope (not yet checked by this site — the entry's own English name is shown)
GSJ (Japan) formal name
ブラッドストーン/血石 (not yet checked for this body — the entry's own Japanese name is shown)
GB/T naming counterpart (this name is not in the standard)
玉髓 (GB/T 16552—2017 Table A.2, row “Chalcedony(Agate/Jasper)”)
Mineralogical name
Green chalcedony with red iron-oxide spots
Trade names and synonyms
Heliotrope (synonym)

Four-language names

简体中文
血石
繁體中文
血石
English
Bloodstone / Heliotrope
日本語
ブラッドストーン/血石

See also: Misleading and prohibited trade names · Supplementary name index

Classification

Origin
Natural materials
Material domain
Natural inorganic gem materials
Browsing family
Quartz and chalcedony materials
Identity tier
Trade name: colour / appearance variety
Mineral chemical class
Silicates
Construction or treatment status
Natural identity; treatment status unknown

Treatments listed by standards

GB/T 16552-2017, Annex B, Table B.1

Under the “Chalcedony (Agate/Jasper)” row of Table B.1: Heating Optimization; Filling Graded — see §5.4.1, Table 1; Dyeing Optimization. The full row, with the effect column, is on the Chalcedony page.

What Table B.1 is, and how the “see 5.4.1” grades are defined: see the GB/T 16552: optimization vs treatment page.

JJA/AGL (Japan) table of principal gem names, 2025

This table scrolls sideways on narrow screens.

Gem nameSpeciesColourListed in the tableNotes
BloodstoneQuartzdark green with small red spotsan untreated tier is listed

JJA/AGL definitions and nomenclature (2025 revision), table of principal gem names, p.11

How to read the JJA/AGL table: see the Gem treatments page.

What it is and how it's identified

The material facts for Bloodstone / Heliotrope registered under GB/T 16553—2017 come from clauses written for chalcedony (including agate and jasper, the whole category), not data measured on bloodstone alone. Values taken from chalcedony (including agate and jasper, the whole category): a cryptocrystalline aggregate, compact and massive, which may also form spherulitic, radiating or microfibrous aggregates; Mohs hardness 5–7; no cleavage; density 2.5–2.77 g/cm³; optically an anisotropic aggregate; refractive index 1.535–1.539, the clause also having finer sub-ranges, with the overall value registered (this site's note); birefringence cannot be measured in aggregates; when untreated, pleochroism cannot be measured in aggregates and the quality factor (lustre) is vitreous to greasy; iridescence and cat's-eye effect may both be seen. Chemical composition, fluorescence, UV-Vis spectrum, infrared spectrum and magnification are written for chalcedony (including agate and jasper, the whole category) in the chalcedony entry.

Registered material facts

Each row carries its own source and check date and can be cited on its own; “—” means the cited source gives no value, not “none”.

Chemical composition, luminescence, UV-visible spectrum, infrared spectrum, magnification: these whole-class features are given in the cited clause for chalcedony, including agate and jasper (the whole class), so they are not repeated on the Bloodstone / Heliotrope page; see the material facts on the Chalcedony entry.

Items below that name the class they cover give the cited clause’s value for that whole class, not a measurement of Bloodstone / Heliotrope (how to read class-level values).

Structure

Bloodstone / Heliotrope — structure (overall): a cryptocrystalline aggregate, dense and massive in habit; it may also form spherulitic, radial or finely fibrous aggregates.

GB/T 16553—2017

Does this standard apply
applies to this entry
What this covers
chalcedony, including agate and jasper (the whole class)
Source & check 2026-09-26
Source
  • GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.2.5 (locator checked 2026-09-26)
Fact checked on
2026-09-26

Durability

Bloodstone / Heliotrope — Mohs hardness: 5–7

GB/T 16553—2017

123456789105–7References (diamond = value, bar = range; below)

Reference points on this site: Talc 1–3, Fluorite 4, Apatite 5–5.5, Orthoclase 6–6.5, Topaz 8, Diamond 10 (Source: GB/T 16553—2017); Gypsum 1.5–2, Calcite 3, Quartz 7 (Source: Handbook of Mineralogy); Corundum 9 (Source: GIA Gem Encyclopedia (care guide))

Mohs hardnessSource: GB/T 16553—2017
Does this standard apply
applies to this entry
What this covers
chalcedony, including agate and jasper (the whole class)
Source & check 2026-09-26
Source
  • GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.2.5 (locator checked 2026-09-26)
Fact checked on
2026-09-26

Bloodstone / Heliotrope — cleavage: none

GB/T 16553—2017

Does this standard apply
applies to this entry
What this covers
chalcedony, including agate and jasper (the whole class)
Source & check 2026-09-26
Source
  • GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.2.5 (locator checked 2026-09-26)
Fact checked on
2026-09-26

Physical properties

Bloodstone / Heliotrope — density: 2.5–2.77 g/cm³

GB/T 16553—2017

0.51.52.53.54.55.56.57.52.5–2.77
Specific gravitySource: GB/T 16553—2017
Does this standard apply
applies to this entry
What this covers
chalcedony, including agate and jasper (the whole class)
Source & check 2026-09-26
Source
  • GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.2.5 (locator checked 2026-09-26)
Fact checked on
2026-09-26

Optical

Optical effects on record: iridescencechatoyancyrepresentative example: cause in Tiger’s Eye (schematic)

Bloodstone / Heliotrope — optic character: anisotropic aggregate

GB/T 16553—2017

Does this standard apply
applies to this entry
What this covers
chalcedony, including agate and jasper (the whole class)
Source & check 2026-09-26
Source
  • GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.2.5 (locator checked 2026-09-26)
Fact checked on
2026-09-26

Bloodstone / Heliotrope — refractive index: 1.535–1.539

GB/T 16553—2017

1.31.72.12.52.93.31.535–1.539
Refractive indexSource: GB/T 16553—2017
Does this standard apply
applies to this entry
What this covers
chalcedony, including agate and jasper (the whole class)
General note
the clause has finer ranges
Source & check 2026-09-26
Source
  • GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.2.5 (locator checked 2026-09-26)
Fact checked on
2026-09-26

Bloodstone / Heliotrope — birefringence: not measurable on an aggregate

GB/T 16553—2017

Does this standard apply
applies to this entry
What this covers
chalcedony, including agate and jasper (the whole class)
Source & check 2026-09-26
Source
  • GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.2.5 (locator checked 2026-09-26)
Fact checked on
2026-09-26

Bloodstone / Heliotrope — pleochroism: not measurable on an aggregate

GB/T 16553—2017

Treatment state
untreated
Does this standard apply
applies to this entry
What this covers
chalcedony, including agate and jasper (the whole class)
Source & check 2026-09-26
Source
  • GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.2.5 (locator checked 2026-09-26)
Fact checked on
2026-09-26

Bloodstone / Heliotrope — optical effect (iridescence): seen

GB/T 16553—2017

Does this standard apply
applies to this entry
What this covers
chalcedony, including agate and jasper (the whole class)
Source & check 2026-09-26
Source
  • GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.2.5 (locator checked 2026-09-26)
Fact checked on
2026-09-26

Bloodstone / Heliotrope — optical effect (chatoyancy): seen

GB/T 16553—2017

Does this standard apply
applies to this entry
What this covers
chalcedony, including agate and jasper (the whole class)
Source & check 2026-09-26
Source
  • GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.2.5 (locator checked 2026-09-26)
Fact checked on
2026-09-26
CIBJO definitions
chatoyancy

Quality factors

Bloodstone / Heliotrope — quality factor (lustre): vitreous to greasy

GB/T 16553—2017

Treatment state
untreated
Does this standard apply
applies to this entry
What this covers
chalcedony, including agate and jasper (the whole class)
Source & check 2026-09-26
Source
  • GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.2.5 (locator checked 2026-09-26)
Fact checked on
2026-09-26

Each row's “Source & check” expands to the full source; the date beside it is the fact check date.

1.521.531.541.551.561.572.42.52.62.72.8Refractive indexSpecific gravity12345Bloodstone / Heliotrope

This material (RI / SG midpoints): 1.537 / 2.63; Closest values: 1Amethyst 1.548 / 2.67, 2Charoite 1.554 / 2.66, 3Changhua Stone 1.56 / 2.6, 4Shoushan Stone 1.56 / 2.7, 5Balin Stone 1.56 / 2.55

Show the full chart (330 registered materials)1.41.51.61.71.81.922.12.22.32.41234567Refractive indexSpecific gravity12345Bloodstone / Heliotrope

Outside the full chart's range, drawn as triangles at the edge (RI / SG midpoints): Hematite 3.045/5.12, Synthetic Rutile 2.76/4.26, Rutile 2.753/4.23, Synthetic Moissanite 2.67/3.22

Refractive index × specific gravity (all registered materials)Each dot is one material's registered refractive index and specific gravity (range midpoints, not measurements); gold = this material, dark = the nearest few (picked on this site by distance in RI ÷ 0.02 and SG ÷ 0.1, leaving out near-identical varieties of the same species)Source: each material's registered refractive index and specific gravity facts (GB/T 16553 and others; sources on each entry)

Testing and market

For identifying Bloodstone / Heliotrope, the CIBJO laboratory protocol lists it under Chalcedony; see the identification section of the Chalcedony entry, and the list of required methods on the laboratory testing page. As for synthetics, the CIBJO Blue Book (Coloured Stone Commission 2022) records that no synthetic counterpart of Bloodstone / Heliotrope is available on the market.

The CIBJO laboratory protocol covers Bloodstone / Heliotrope under “Chalcedony” (§6.1.16): see identification on the Chalcedony entry; the required tests are listed on the CIBJO laboratory protocol table for Chalcedony.

How far testing can go

Bloodstone / Heliotrope — synthetic counterpart on the market: No synthetic counterpart of this material is commercially available

CIBJO Gemstone Book 2022

Treatment state
any treatment state
Source & check 2026-09-22
Source
Fact checked on
2026-09-22

Each row's “Source & check” expands to the full source; the date beside it is the fact check date.

Clause-level definitions

Bloodstone / Heliotrope is defined directly in CIBJO Gemmological Laboratories Book 2024 under the entry name Heliotrope (bloodstone). The CIBJO definition gives the mineral species as quartz and the mineral/gem variety as heliotrope (bloodstone), noting that the CIBJO wording is quoted in full under Clause-level definitions on this page. The cross-check result is that it is defined directly by CIBJO, and no identically named English entry was found in the GB/T annex.

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TermClauseDefinitionCross-check
Heliotrope (bloodstone)7.2.1.105Dark green with red to brownish red spots, (largely) opaque chalcedonyDefined directly by CIBJO; no identically named English entry was found in this edition of the GB/T annex.

Evidence and sources

Authority basis and clause sources

GB/T 16552—2017
Naming rule 5.1.1 c) · Source
CIBJO Gemmological Laboratories Book 2024
Listed §7.2.1.105 “Heliotrope (bloodstone)” · Source

Sources

Further reading

Recorded cultural contexts

Birthstone list

Japan's JJA 2021 revised roster lists Bloodstone for March. This records trade-association convention only; it does not establish material identity, natural origin, treatment, provenance, or effect.

Relation
Industry list inclusion

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Publisher or holderRegionFrom / periodSource and locator
Japan Jewellery AssociationJapanfrom 20 December 2021Tanjoseki (Japanese birthstone roster, Japan Jewellery Association page; revision of 20 December 2021)
2021 revised birthstone roster, March row: Bloodstone

Related entries and topic cluster

Parent entry and related pages on this site. Rows marked “Planned” are suggested new content and have no link yet.

Related-entry tree for Quartz on this site: 74 entries listed by this site's parent-entry links; synthetic, treated and similar entries carry their recorded state after the name; this page (Bloodstone / Heliotrope) is marked.

This table scrolls sideways on narrow screens.

PageContentStatus
Browsing familyQuartz and chalcedony materialsLive
Treatments recorded for this materialHeated / Heat-treated (via parent material), Filled / Fracture-filled (via parent material), Dyed (via parent material)Live
Related articlesTo be added (placeholder)Planned

Who maintains this page

The material facts in the Bloodstone / Heliotrope entry are maintained by the LumaLark wiki and matched one by one to the standard clauses or institutional sources they cite: every fact carries its source (with a clause or page locator) and a check date, so it can be traced back to the original; clause-level definitions also carry a cross-check result. The entry exists so that buyers and sellers can check naming, disclosure and material facts item by item.

Facts editor
Ralph
Reviewer
June
How facts are checked
Each fact is matched to the clause it cites; facts checked between 2026-09-22 and 2026-09-26
Last revised
2026-10-12
Purpose
Lets buyers and sellers check naming, disclosure and material facts clause by clause.

Spotted an error? Report it on the forum