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UnderstandWhat it is, what people ask, how far this page goes

Natural inorganic gem materials · Trade name: colour / appearance variety · Natural identity; treatment status unknown

Morion / very dark Smoky Quartz

Also known asMorion

Traditionally very dark smoky quartz (morion), but market goods sold under the same Chinese name may also be obsidian or glass, so testing is needed. This page compares how the major standards and institutions name it, what must be disclosed when selling it, whether it can be worn every day, how it is treated and identified, and which source each conclusion comes from.

Price, rarity and origin are outside the scope of this wiki.

What this page can answer

This page covers

What we cannot conclude

  • Whether one particular bead is natural, treated or synthetic — only a laboratory report can settle that.
  • Geographic origin, unless an origin report accompanies the item.
  • Price, rarity or investment value: this wiki covers naming and disclosure only.

Material research: formation, causes and history

What authoritative sources say about how this material forms, what causes its colour and optical effects, where its name comes from and how people have used it. Each statement carries an evidence grade and its sources; it describes the material in general, not any specific piece.

How it forms

'Black quartz' is a commercial/traditional name usually applied to very dark smoky quartz (morion), or to quartz that appears black because it hosts abundant black inclusions; it is quartz (SiO2), not a separate mineral. If it is dark smoky quartz, its colour should share the smoky-quartz mechanism — Al-related colour centres deepened by strong or prolonged natural irradiation; if it is inclusion-driven, the blackness comes from black mineral inclusions in the crystal. The available authoritative sources do not study 'black quartz' specifically, so its exact cause must be tested case by case.

Scope: Defines the two possible identities of "black quartz" sold in the trade (dark smoky quartz or quartz with black inclusions); does not cover other materials such as black glass or black agate.

Sources G&G Gem News International (Krzemnicki) · G&G Fall 2024 · G&G Spring 1982

Where it forms

Setting for dark smoky quartz: as smoky quartz, Al-rich growth sectors subjected to natural irradiation.

Sources G&G Gem News International (Krzemnicki) · G&G Fall 2024

Setting for inclusion-blackened quartz: quartz traps black mineral inclusions (e.g. hematite) during growth.

Sources G&G Fall 2024 · G&G Gem News International (Krzemnicki)

General quartz setting: growth inward from cavity/vesicle/vug walls out of silica-rich fluid.

Sources G&G Spring 1982 · G&G Gem News International (Krzemnicki)

How it forms, step by step

  1. Silica-bearing fluid crystallizes quartz; along the smoky path, aluminium concentrates in particular growth sectors.

    Sources G&G Gem News International (Krzemnicki)
  2. Intense or prolonged natural irradiation deepens the Al-related colour centres until the colour approaches black (morion).

    Sources G&G Gem News International (Krzemnicki)
  3. Along the inclusion path, quartz traps black mineral inclusions during growth, making the bulk appear black.

    Sources G&G Fall 2024 · G&G Gem News International (Krzemnicki)
  4. Both kinds of black quartz are quartz at heart and must be distinguished by testing.

    Sources G&G Fall 2024 · G&G Gem News International (Krzemnicki)

Link to appearance

A black appearance can arise either from very intense colour centres (dark smoky quartz / morion) or from abundant black mineral inclusions; the look is similar while the cause differs, so testing (polariscope/microscopy) is needed to distinguish them.

Sources G&G Gem News International (Krzemnicki) · G&G Fall 2024

Timescale

No authoritative source gives an absolute age or growth duration for black quartz or dark smoky quartz.

Sources G&G Gem News International (Krzemnicki) · G&G Fall 2024

Related base materials

  • Quartz (SiO2): variety-of | Black quartz is usually regarded as the darkest end of smoky quartz (morion), or quartz containing abundant black inclusions

Supporting findings

Silica delivered by migrating solutions can accumulate slowly inside cavities and vesicles, depositing the quartz to which black quartz belongs.

Evidence grade A

Scope: The source describes deposition of amethyst/citrine/green-quartz clusters; analogous to how the quartz host of black quartz generally precipitates.

Sources G&G Spring 1982

Causes of colour and optical effects

If black quartz is dark smoky quartz, its blackness should come from Al-related colour centres deepened by natural irradiation, consistent with the smoky-quartz mechanism.

Evidence grade C

Scope: A reasonable extension of the smoky-quartz mechanism; the source does not verify the very dark (near-black) colour grade.

Sources G&G Gem News International (Krzemnicki)

How it is identified

For black quartz, colour and banding by themselves do not reveal whether the hue is natural or produced by dyeing or heating, so visual appearance cannot settle naturalness or treatment; a trustworthy identification and any treatment ruling call for instrumental examination at a qualified gem laboratory, and this entry is no basis for self-testing.

Evidence grade A

Scope: Appearance cannot replace identification; naturalness, dyeing or heat treatment must be determined at a qualified gem laboratory, and this entry is not a self-testing basis.

Sources G&G Summer 2014 · CIBJO Gemstone Book 2022

Other research findings

Black quartz (morion) is usually regarded as the darkest end of smoky quartz, a variety of quartz (SiO2) rather than a separate mineral species.

Evidence grade C

Scope: The source does not discuss black quartz/morion; this boundary is extrapolated from the smoky-quartz colour-centre model without direct evidence.

Sources G&G Gem News International (Krzemnicki)

Material sold as 'black quartz' may also be quartz that looks black because it hosts abundant black inclusions, and it must be distinguished from dark smoky quartz.

Evidence grade C

Scope: The source concerns colorless quartz spheres hosting black platy hematite inclusions, not material traded as black quartz; it only shows black inclusions can darken quartz.

Sources G&G Fall 2024

Limits of this research

  • Research status: Formation, occurrence or other material-specific findings found in authoritative sources
  • No authoritative source defines or studies 'black quartz'/morion; neither the naming nor the two candidate causes (dark smoky vs inclusion-blackened) is directly supported.
  • The cause of the blackness is not directly verified in the sources; it is inferred from the smoky-quartz colour-centre model and from black-inclusion examples.

Methodology

Evidence grades

A
Standards bodies, government geological surveys, peer-reviewed research and museum records
B
Institutional educational material
C
Specialist databases or cautious readings

A statement is never graded above its strongest source.

This section is LumaLark's own factual restatement of public authoritative sources, credited item by item; it contains no verbatim excerpts, images or third-party logos.

DecideListing name, disclosure, care and treatments

Suggested listing name
Very dark Smoky Quartz (if identified)

GB/T 16552—2017 5.1.1 c) · CIBJO Gemmological Laboratories Book 2024 §7.2.1.152 “Morion”

Construction or treatment status

Natural identity; treatment status unknown

Treatments recorded for this material: Heated / Heat-treated (via parent material), Irradiated (via parent material), Filled / Fracture-filled (via parent material), Dyed (via parent material), Coated (via parent material)

Related:Disclosure and cautions

This page cannot answer

Natural? · Origin · Price

A lab report settles these; this wiki covers naming and disclosure.

Related:What this page can answer

Answer at a glance

"Morion / very dark Smoky Quartz" is a market name rather than a mineral species name; before using it, verify: Trade name rather than a mineralogical species name.

What this means for you

Before buying, check the recommended listing name "Very dark Smoky Quartz (if identified)" and any disclosed treatments on this page, and ask the seller for a grading report if in doubt.

Known uncertainty

Last reviewed
2026-09-01

Trade-name ruling

  • Trade name rather than a mineralogical species name.
Suggested listing name
Very dark Smoky Quartz (if identified)

Care and wear

No care facts are recorded for this entry itself. Its parent material has care records: see Quartz.

Treatments and identification leads

One row per treatment, with three standards side by side: how often it occurs and how stable it is (CIBJO), its category in GB/T 16552—2017 Table B.1 (this site's paraphrase) and how the JJA/AGL 2025 table lists it. Each CIBJO value links to its entry under “Testing and market”, where the wording and source are given in full.

This table scrolls sideways on narrow screens.

TreatmentMarket frequency (CIBJO)Stability (CIBJO)GB/T 16552 categoryJJA/AGL listingIdentification leads
Heating——Optimization——
Irradiation——Optimization——
Filling——Graded — see §5.4.1, Table 1——
Dyeing——Treatment——
Coating——Treatment——

“—” means the cited source gives no value for that item, not “none”. Source: GB/T 16552—2017 Table B.1 (row for Rock Crystal)

Whether a treatment has to show in the name differs between the two rule sets (this site’s paraphrase):

  • GB/T 16552—2017: a method classed as treatment has to be stated in the name itself — the method put before the name, or added in brackets after it; a method classed as optimization does not need to appear in the name, though one marked “Optimization (annotation required)” still has to be noted in the quality documents. Source: §5.4.2.1 a), b); §5.4.2.2 a)
  • CIBJO Gemstone Book 2022: no longer splits treatments into ones that need specific disclosure and ones that need only general disclosure: every treatment is to be disclosed, and the seller tells the buyer which treatment was used and what special care it calls for. Source: §4.2.5 Note 2, §4.2.5.1, pp.14–15

What this table covers

What this page can give

  • Registered treatments, their stability and how often they occur (see the table above)
  • Identification leads for each treatment, for use when sending a stone for testing

VerifyNames, standards, technical facts, clauses and sources

Names

Besides Morion / very dark Smoky Quartz, the name register records "Morion", for which no restriction on use as a name is recorded.

Standard and listing namesThe name corresponding to Morion / very dark Smoky Quartz in GB/T 16552—2017 Table A.1 is smoky quartz, and the original GB/T 16552—2017 does not list the Chinese name for morion; morion is a trade name with the identity tier colour/appearance variety, and the trade name and synonym is Morion, registered as an old name. The suggested listing name is black smoky quartz (if identified). Names in four languagesNames are given in four languages: Simplified Chinese, Traditional Chinese, English (Morion / very dark Smoky Quartz) and Japanese (a katakana transliteration and a kanji name). Trade and mineralogical namesThe mineralogical name is quartz (SiO2), described as a very dark variety of smoky quartz. Institution usageThe CIBJO Gemmological Laboratories Book 2024 records it as its own entry under Morion; in the name comparison, the wording of GIA, FTC, CIBJO and Gem-A for morion is not yet verified by this site, and the entry's own English name is shown. Japanese namesThe entry's own Japanese name is the katakana and kanji pair, and Japan's GSJ wording for morion is not yet verified by this site.

Name register

Every name recorded for this entry, with how it is classified, whether it may be matched to this entry automatically, whether it may be used as a product name, and the clause it rests on.

This table scrolls sideways on narrow screens.

NameTypeMatchingUse as a nameBasis
no restriction recorded (1)
MorionEnglishhistorical namematched automaticallyno restriction recordededitorial ruling (no clause cited)

How each authority words this name: see Names › Authority wording.

Authority wording

GIA, FTC, CIBJO, Gem-A
Morion / very dark Smoky Quartz (not yet checked by this site — the entry's own English name is shown)
GSJ (Japan) formal name
モリオン/黒水晶 (not yet checked for this body — the entry's own Japanese name is shown)
GB/T naming counterpart (this name is not in the standard)
烟晶 (GB/T 16552—2017 Table A.1)
Mineralogical name
Quartz (SiO2), very dark smoky variety
Trade names and synonyms
Morion (historical name)

Four-language names

简体中文
黑水晶
繁體中文
黑水晶
English
Morion / very dark Smoky Quartz
日本語
モリオン/黒水晶

See also: Misleading and prohibited trade names · Supplementary name index

Classification

Origin
Natural materials
Material domain
Natural inorganic gem materials
Browsing family
Quartz and chalcedony materials
Identity tier
Trade name: colour / appearance variety
Mineral chemical class
Silicates
Construction or treatment status
Natural identity; treatment status unknown

Treatments listed by standards

For GB/T 16552—2017 Annex B, Table B.1, this site applies the “Rock crystal” category to Morion / very dark Smoky Quartz: heating is listed as optimization, irradiation as optimization, filling is defined by grade, dyeing is listed as treatment and coating as treatment. The notes to Table B.1 and the definitions of the filling grades are on the Gem treatments page.

GB/T 16552-2017, Annex B, Table B.1

Under the “Rock Crystal” row of Table B.1: Heating Optimization; Irradiation Optimization; Filling Graded — see §5.4.1, Table 1; Dyeing Treatment; Coating Treatment. The full row, with the effect column, is on the Rock Crystal page.

What Table B.1 is, and how the “see 5.4.1” grades are defined: see the GB/T 16552: optimization vs treatment page.

What it is and how it's identified

The composition (phase) of Morion / very dark Smoky Quartz is quartz; transparency is nearly opaque, and the untreated body colour is dark brown to black; the site note explains that in chapter 7 of the CIBJO Gemmological Laboratories Book, the colour descriptions of entries such as black diamond, nuummite and agate also mention brown or brownish colours. The remaining material facts, taken from rock crystal (the whole class), are: structure crystalline, trigonal, with hexagonal prismatic crystals showing pronounced horizontal striations on the prism faces; Mohs hardness 7, cleavage none; density 2.64–2.69 g/cm³, where the site note explains that the range is derived from the cited clause value 2.66 and its permitted tolerance of +0.03/−0.02; refractive index 1.544–1.553, birefringence 0.009; optical character anisotropic, uniaxial, positive, a "bull's-eye" interference figure may appear, and Brazil-law twinning is common in amethyst; untreated, pleochroism is weak and varies with colour, and lustre is vitreous; the cat's-eye effect and asterism can occur, the stars being six-rayed and mostly seen in rose quartz.

Registered material facts

Each row carries its own source and check date and can be cited on its own; “—” means the cited source gives no value, not “none”.

Chemical composition, luminescence, UV-visible spectrum, infrared spectrum, magnification: these whole-class features are given in the cited clause for rock crystal (the whole class), so they are not repeated on the Morion / very dark Smoky Quartz page; see the material facts on the Rock Crystal entry.

Items below that name the class they cover give the cited clause’s value for that whole class, not a measurement of Morion / very dark Smoky Quartz (how to read class-level values).

Definition

Morion / very dark Smoky Quartz — composition (phase): quartz

CIBJO Gemmological Laboratories Book 2024

Source & check 2026-09-22
Source
Fact checked on
2026-09-22

Structure

Morion / very dark Smoky Quartz — structure (overall): crystalline

GB/T 16553—2017

Does this standard apply
applies to this entry
What this covers
rock crystal (the whole class)
Source & check 2026-09-26
Source
  • GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.1.16 (locator checked 2026-09-26)
Fact checked on
2026-09-26

Morion / very dark Smoky Quartz — structure (crystal system): trigonal

GB/T 16553—2017

Does this standard apply
applies to this entry
What this covers
rock crystal (the whole class)
Source & check 2026-09-26
Source
  • GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.1.16 (locator checked 2026-09-26)
Fact checked on
2026-09-26

Morion / very dark Smoky Quartz — structure (crystal habit): hexagonal prisms with prominent horizontal striations on the prism faces

GB/T 16553—2017

Does this standard apply
applies to this entry
What this covers
rock crystal (the whole class)
Source & check 2026-09-26
Source
  • GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.1.16 (locator checked 2026-09-26)
Fact checked on
2026-09-26

Durability

Morion / very dark Smoky Quartz — Mohs hardness: 7

GB/T 16553—2017

123456789107References (diamond = value, bar = range; below)

Reference points on this site: Talc 1–3, Fluorite 4, Apatite 5–5.5, Orthoclase 6–6.5, Topaz 8, Diamond 10 (Source: GB/T 16553—2017); Gypsum 1.5–2, Calcite 3, Quartz 7 (Source: Handbook of Mineralogy); Corundum 9 (Source: GIA Gem Encyclopedia (care guide))

Mohs hardnessSource: GB/T 16553—2017
Does this standard apply
applies to this entry
What this covers
rock crystal (the whole class)
Source & check 2026-09-26
Source
  • GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.1.16 (locator checked 2026-09-26)
Fact checked on
2026-09-26

Morion / very dark Smoky Quartz — cleavage: none

GB/T 16553—2017

Does this standard apply
applies to this entry
What this covers
rock crystal (the whole class)
Source & check 2026-09-26
Source
  • GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.1.16 (locator checked 2026-09-26)
Fact checked on
2026-09-26

Physical properties

Morion / very dark Smoky Quartz — density: 2.64–2.69 g/cm³

GB/T 16553—2017

0.51.52.53.54.55.56.57.52.64–2.69
Specific gravitySource: GB/T 16553—2017
Does this standard apply
applies to this entry
What this covers
rock crystal (the whole class)
Qualification

The clause we cite gives 2.66, with a stated tolerance of +0.03 / -0.02. The range shown here is worked out from that.

Source & check 2026-09-26
Source
  • GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.1.16 (locator checked 2026-09-26)
Fact checked on
2026-09-26

Optical

Optical effects on record: chatoyancyrepresentative example: cause in Tiger’s Eye (schematic)asterismrepresentative example: cause in Star Sapphire (schematic)

Morion / very dark Smoky Quartz — optic character: anisotropic material, uniaxial, with positive optic character; a “Bull's eye” interference figure may be present, and Brazil-law twinning is common in amethyst.

GB/T 16553—2017

Does this standard apply
applies to this entry
What this covers
rock crystal (the whole class)
Source & check 2026-09-26
Source
  • GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.1.16 (locator checked 2026-09-26)
Fact checked on
2026-09-26

Morion / very dark Smoky Quartz — refractive index: 1.544–1.553

GB/T 16553—2017

1.31.72.12.52.93.31.544–1.553
Refractive indexSource: GB/T 16553—2017
Does this standard apply
applies to this entry
What this covers
rock crystal (the whole class)
Source & check 2026-09-26
Source
  • GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.1.16 (locator checked 2026-09-26)
Fact checked on
2026-09-26

Morion / very dark Smoky Quartz — birefringence: 0.009

GB/T 16553—2017

00.050.10.150.20.250.30.009
BirefringenceSource: GB/T 16553—2017
Does this standard apply
applies to this entry
What this covers
rock crystal (the whole class)
Source & check 2026-09-26
Source
  • GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.1.16 (locator checked 2026-09-26)
Fact checked on
2026-09-26

Morion / very dark Smoky Quartz — transparency: nearly opaque.

CIBJO Gemmological Laboratories Book 2024

Source & check 2026-09-22
Source
Fact checked on
2026-09-22

Morion / very dark Smoky Quartz — pleochroism: weak; it depends on the body colour.

GB/T 16553—2017

Treatment state
untreated
Does this standard apply
applies to this entry
What this covers
rock crystal (the whole class)
Source & check 2026-09-26
Source
  • GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.1.16 (locator checked 2026-09-26)
Fact checked on
2026-09-26

Morion / very dark Smoky Quartz — optical effect (chatoyancy): seen

GB/T 16553—2017

Does this standard apply
applies to this entry
What this covers
rock crystal (the whole class)
Source & check 2026-09-26
Source
  • GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.1.16 (locator checked 2026-09-26)
Fact checked on
2026-09-26

Morion / very dark Smoky Quartz — optical effect (asterism): seen; a six-rayed star, common in rose quartz.

GB/T 16553—2017

Does this standard apply
applies to this entry
What this covers
rock crystal (the whole class)
Source & check 2026-09-26
Source
  • GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.1.16 (locator checked 2026-09-26)
Fact checked on
2026-09-26

Morion / very dark Smoky Quartz — body colour: Dark brown to black.

CIBJO Gemmological Laboratories Book 2024

Treatment state
untreated
Qualification

In chapter 7 of the CIBJO Gemmological Laboratories Book, the colour descriptions of Carbonado, Nuummite, Agate and other entries also name brown or a brownish colour.

General note
colour alone is not identity
Source & check 2026-09-22
Source
Fact checked on
2026-09-22
CIBJO definitions
chatoyancy, asterism

Quality factors

Morion / very dark Smoky Quartz — quality factor (lustre): vitreous

GB/T 16553—2017

Treatment state
untreated
Does this standard apply
applies to this entry
What this covers
rock crystal (the whole class)
Source & check 2026-09-26
Source
  • GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.1.16 (locator checked 2026-09-26)
Fact checked on
2026-09-26

Each row's “Source & check” expands to the full source; the date beside it is the fact check date.

1.531.541.551.561.571.582.52.62.72.82.9Refractive indexSpecific gravity12345Morion / very dark Smoky…

This material (RI / SG midpoints): 1.548 / 2.67; Closest values: 1Agate 1.537 / 2.63, 2Shoushan Stone 1.56 / 2.7, 3Changhua Stone 1.56 / 2.6, 4Bamboo Coral 1.57 / 2.65, 5Synthetic Beryl 1.57 / 2.69

Show the full chart (330 registered materials)1.41.51.61.71.81.922.12.22.32.41234567Refractive indexSpecific gravity12345Morion / very dark Smoky Quartz

Outside the full chart's range, drawn as triangles at the edge (RI / SG midpoints): Hematite 3.045/5.12, Synthetic Rutile 2.76/4.26, Rutile 2.753/4.23, Synthetic Moissanite 2.67/3.22

Refractive index × specific gravity (all registered materials)Each dot is one material's registered refractive index and specific gravity (range midpoints, not measurements); gold = this material, dark = the nearest few (picked on this site by distance in RI ÷ 0.02 and SG ÷ 0.1, leaving out near-identical varieties of the same species)Source: each material's registered refractive index and specific gravity facts (GB/T 16553 and others; sources on each entry)

Testing and market

The CIBJO laboratory protocol covers Morion / very dark Smoky Quartz under “Quartz” (§6.1.65): see identification on the Quartz entry; the required tests are listed on the CIBJO laboratory protocol table for Quartz.

How far testing can go

Each row's “Source & check” expands to the full source; the date beside it is the fact check date.

Clause-level definitions

Morion / very dark Smoky Quartz is defined directly in the gem material list and definitions of CIBJO Gemmological Laboratories Book 2024 under the term Morion, which describes it as dark brown to black, nearly opaque smoky quartz. The cross-check concludes that it is defined directly by CIBJO, and no English name identical to Morion was found in the annex of GB/T 16552—2017.

This table scrolls sideways on narrow screens.

TermClauseDefinitionCross-check
Morion7.2.1.152Dark brown to black (nearly opaque) smoky quartzDefined directly by CIBJO; no identically named English entry was found in this edition of the GB/T annex.

Evidence and sources

Authority basis and clause sources

GB/T 16552—2017
Not listed the name does not occur anywhere in the text; scope: Chapter 1 “Scope” · Source
GB/T 16552—2017
Naming rule 5.1.1 c) · Source
CIBJO Gemmological Laboratories Book 2024
Listed §7.2.1.152 “Morion” · Source

Sources

Further reading

Related entries and topic cluster

Parent entry and related pages on this site. Rows marked “Planned” are suggested new content and have no link yet.

Related-entry tree for Quartz on this site: 74 entries listed by this site's parent-entry links; synthetic, treated and similar entries carry their recorded state after the name; this page (Morion / very dark Smoky Quartz) is marked.

This table scrolls sideways on narrow screens.

PageContentStatus
Browsing familyQuartz and chalcedony materialsLive
Treatments recorded for this materialHeated / Heat-treated (via parent material), Irradiated (via parent material), Filled / Fracture-filled (via parent material), Dyed (via parent material), Coated (via parent material)Live
Related articlesTo be added (placeholder)Planned

Who maintains this page

The material facts in the Morion / very dark Smoky Quartz entry are maintained by the LumaLark wiki and matched one by one to the standard clauses or institutional sources they cite: every fact carries its source (with a clause or page locator) and a check date, so it can be traced back to the original; clause-level definitions also carry a cross-check result. The entry exists so that buyers and sellers can check naming, disclosure and material facts item by item.

Facts editor
June
Reviewer
Ralph
How facts are checked
Each fact is matched to the clause it cites; facts checked between 2026-09-22 and 2026-09-26
Last revised
2026-10-12
Purpose
Lets buyers and sellers check naming, disclosure and material facts clause by clause.

Spotted an error? Report it on the forum