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UnderstandWhat it is, what people ask, how far this page goes
Natural inorganic gem materials · Rock / mineral aggregate · Natural identity; treatment status unknown
Qingtian Stone
A Chinese carving stone name, “Qingtian stone”, listed in Table A.2 of GB/T 16552-2017; its mineral composition varies by variety, and origin needs separate proof. This page compares how the major standards and institutions name it, what must be disclosed when selling it, whether it can be worn every day, how it is treated and identified, and which source each conclusion comes from.
Price, rarity and origin are outside the scope of this wiki.
What this page can answer
This page covers
- How Qingtian Stone forms and what gives its colourFormation setting, process and timescale, each finding graded and sourced
- How to identify Qingtian StoneHow far lab testing can go
- Treatments and enhancements of Qingtian Stone3 registered treatments: status, stability, how common they are and identification leads
- Caring for and wearing Qingtian StoneDurability indicators and wearing advice
- Hardness, density and refractive index of Qingtian StoneEach value with its source and check date
- Qingtian Stone in English, Chinese and Japanese; national standard namesNames in four languages, the GB/T standard name and the suggested listing name; and: Has any of GIA, FTC, CIBJO or Gem-A put a name for it on record here?
- Name origin and history of Qingtian StoneWhere the name comes from
- Listing and disclosing Qingtian StoneThe listing name to use; what must be disclosed before sale
- Standard clauses that define Qingtian StoneWhich clause defines it, each cross-checked
What we cannot conclude
- Whether one particular bead is natural, treated or synthetic — only a laboratory report can settle that.
- Geographic origin, unless an origin report accompanies the item.
- Price, rarity or investment value: this wiki covers naming and disclosure only.
Material research: formation, causes and history
What authoritative sources say about how this material forms, what causes its colour and optical effects, where its name comes from and how people have used it. Each statement carries an evidence grade and its sources; it describes the material in general, not any specific piece.
How it forms
One of the Chinese seal and carving stones, Qingtian stone is a rock — an aggregate of minerals — and its makeup changes with variety. Pyrophyllite, Al2Si4O10(OH)2, is frequently its principal mineral, and the kaolinite-group minerals dickite and kaolinite, Al2Si2O5(OH)4, along with others, are commonly present too. Its origin spans hydrothermal and metamorphic settings: pyrophyllite is found in bedded deposits within schistose metamorphic rocks as well as along hydrothermal veins, whereas dickite and kaolinite typically arise through hydrothermal alteration (or weathering) of aluminosilicate minerals, or else as authigenic sedimentary minerals. As it is no single mineral species, each sample of Qingtian stone has to be identified as to its variety and composition.
Scope: Applies to the composition and genetic overview of the Chinese carving stone "Qingtian stone" as a rock aggregate (as reflected by sources on pyrophyllite and kaolinite-group minerals); composition varies by variety, and no single-mineral-species assertion is made.
Sources RRUFF Pyrophyllite · RRUFF Dickite · RRUFF Kaolinite
Where it forms
A hydrothermal vein setting: pyrophyllite occurs in hydrothermal veins.
Sources RRUFF Pyrophyllite · RRUFF Dickite · RRUFF Kaolinite
Bedded deposits in schistose metamorphic rocks: pyrophyllite also occurs there.
Sources RRUFF Pyrophyllite · RRUFF Dickite · RRUFF Kaolinite
A hydrothermal-alteration/weathering setting: dickite/kaolinite form by alteration of aluminosilicate minerals, also authigenic-sedimentary.
Sources RRUFF Pyrophyllite · RRUFF Dickite · RRUFF Kaolinite
How it forms, step by step
Aluminosilicate-bearing host rocks or sediments are emplaced.
Sources RRUFF Pyrophyllite · RRUFF Dickite · RRUFF Kaolinite
Under hydrothermal-vein conditions pyrophyllite forms, or it forms in bedded deposits within schistose metamorphic rocks.
Sources RRUFF Pyrophyllite · RRUFF Dickite · RRUFF Kaolinite
Aluminosilicate minerals are altered hydrothermally (or by weathering) into dickite/kaolinite clays.
Sources RRUFF Pyrophyllite · RRUFF Dickite · RRUFF Kaolinite
Pyrophyllite and clay minerals combine into a carving-stone aggregate whose composition varies by variety.
Sources RRUFF Pyrophyllite · RRUFF Dickite · RRUFF Kaolinite
Link to appearance
Colour and texture vary with minor minerals and impurities; NOTE: appearance alone cannot establish variety, origin or composition and requires identification.
Sources RRUFF Pyrophyllite · RRUFF Dickite
Timescale
The sources give no absolute age for the formation of the relevant minerals.
Sources RRUFF Pyrophyllite · RRUFF Dickite · RRUFF Kaolinite
Related base materials
- Pyrophyllite: One of the common main mineral components
- Kaolinite-group minerals (dickite/kaolinite): Common clay mineral component
Supporting findings
Both hydrothermal veins and bedded deposits hosted in schistose metamorphic rocks are settings in which pyrophyllite is found.
Evidence grade BScope: Describes pyrophyllite's occurrence; not all Qingtian varieties.
Sources RRUFF Pyrophyllite
Dickite/kaolinite commonly form by hydrothermal alteration (or weathering) of aluminosilicate minerals, and also as authigenic sedimentary minerals.
Evidence grade BScope: Applies to kaolinite-group formation; a matrix source.
Sources RRUFF Dickite · RRUFF Kaolinite
Recorded localities
Authoritative sources name a single or principal locality.
Asia
- Qingtian County, Lishui, Zhejiang, ChinaMindat: named for its discovery locality near Qingtian; lists the Haikou pyrophyllite deposit
Sources Mindat: Qingtian Stone
These are localities recorded by authoritative sources, not an origin finding for any individual piece. The CIBJO Gemstone Book (2022, §4.2.3) says a place of origin names where a gem was mined or harvested, is a matter of opinion, does not imply a level of quality, and that cutting, processing or exporting centres must not be used to imply origin. See how far testing can go on this page, the origin determination guide and the overview of recorded localities.
Where the name comes from
The name qingtian stone is not given an etymology by the cited sources; the etymologies belong to its parent minerals: pyrophyllite is from the Greek for fire and leaf, in allusion to its exfoliating into fan shapes when heated; dickite honours the Scottish metallurgical chemist Allan Brugh Dick (1833–1926), who first described the species; kaolinite is from a corruption of the Chinese Kauling, 'high ridge', for a Chinese occurrence. These etymologies belong to those parent minerals, not to the trade name.
Evidence grade BScope: The etymology explains the origin of a name only; it does not attest composition, locality, naturalness or treatment, and here belongs to the parent mineral rather than to the trade name itself.
Sources RRUFF Pyrophyllite · RRUFF Dickite · RRUFF Kaolinite
Other research findings
Qingtian stone is a rock (mineral aggregate) whose composition varies by variety, commonly pyrophyllite (Al2Si4O10(OH)2) with dickite/kaolinite (Al2Si2O5(OH)4) and others; it is not a single mineral species.
Evidence grade CScope: Defines identity and compositional variability; the cited authoritative sources do not define Qingtian stone as a species.
Sources RRUFF Pyrophyllite · RRUFF Dickite
Limits of this research
- Research status: No authoritative source specific to this material was found; findings come from the parent material or are marked as gaps
- "Qingtian stone" is a Chinese carving-stone name with no mineralogical definition in the cited sources, so it is treated as a rock aggregate and flagged as lacking an authoritative definition.
- Composition varies by variety and no single-species claim is made; no specific deposit source was available.
Methodology
- Origin determination and its limits
- Quality grading and value factors
- How gemmology became a technical discipline
Evidence grades
- A
- Standards bodies, government geological surveys, peer-reviewed research and museum records
- B
- Institutional educational material
- C
- Specialist databases or cautious readings
A statement is never graded above its strongest source.
This section is LumaLark's own factual restatement of public authoritative sources, credited item by item; it contains no verbatim excerpts, images or third-party logos.
DecideListing name, disclosure, care and treatments
- Suggested listing name
- Qingtian Stone (state the tested composition)
GB/T 16552—2017 Table A.2 “Qingtian Stone” · CIBJO Gemmological Laboratories Book 2024 7.1.4
Construction or treatment status
Natural identity; treatment status unknown
Treatments recorded for this material: Filled / Fracture-filled, Dyed, Coated
Related:Disclosure and cautions
This page cannot answer
Natural? · Origin · Price
A lab report settles these; this wiki covers naming and disclosure.
Related:What this page can answer
Answer at a glance
"Qingtian Stone" is a market name rather than a mineral species name; before using it, verify: Laboratory identification required before the name is used.
Evidence
- GB/T · Table A.2, row 青田石 (Qingtian Stone)
What this means for you
Before buying, check the recommended listing name "Qingtian Stone (state the tested composition)" and any disclosed treatments on this page, and ask the seller for a grading report if in doubt.
Known uncertainty
- This entry's exact material identity is not fully settled.
- See “Disclosure and cautions” above
- Last reviewed
- 2026-09-01
Trade-name ruling
- Laboratory identification required before the name is used.
- Suggested listing name
- Qingtian Stone (state the tested composition)
Care and wear
No institutional care guidance is registered for this material yet; below are its durability indicators and general guidance.
Durability and wearing
Numbers in curly braces, such as {111}, are crystallographic face symbols (Miller indices): each marks a set of crystal faces or cleavage planes. They are reproduced as written in the cited source.
Toughness
Flexible but inelastic
Sources RRUFF Pyrophyllite
Daily wear
Its main component is pyrophyllite, only Mohs 1–2, with perfect {001} cleavage and flexible-but-inelastic tenacity; it is very soft, easily scratched and cleaves into sheets, and is a seal-stone/carving material rather than daily-wear.
Care
Wipe with a dry soft cloth and, if needed, a barely damp cloth dried at once; avoid rubbing, soaking and bending, and never scrape with hard objects or use ultrasonic cleaning (basis: source records perfect cleavage and Mohs 1–2).
General guidance: LumaLark's general guidance inferred from the material's properties (hardness, toughness, cleavage); not text from the cited source, and not a guarantee for any specific piece.
Scope: This field describes the general physical properties of qingtian stone as a material; it makes no durability or safety promise for any specific finished product. Durability of treated (e.g. filled, dyed, coated) or assembled/composite pieces must be assessed separately for the individual item.
Treatments and identification leads
Registered treatmentsThe registered treatments for Qingtian Stone are coating, dyeing and filling. Coating has the status treated, dyeing the status colour-treated, and filling the status treated. Values not givenThe stability and prevalence of all three are recorded as “—”, meaning the cited source gives no value, not “none”. Identification cluesIdentification leads: for coating, abnormal surface lustre under a loupe, the coating peeling off in places, possibly abnormal refractive index readings, and characteristic peaks of the coating in infrared and Raman spectra; for dyeing, uneven colour distribution, the dye often concentrated in fractures or grain boundaries, possible distinctive fluorescence of the dye under long-wave and short-wave UV, and XRF detection of foreign elements introduced by the dye; for filling, filled areas differing in lustre from the host, gas bubbles, filled areas often fluorescing differently from the host, and characteristic absorption bands of the filler in the infrared spectrum.
This table scrolls sideways on narrow screens.
| Treatment | Market frequency (CIBJO) | Stability (CIBJO) | GB/T 16552 category | JJA/AGL listing | Identification leads |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| coatingStatus: treated | — | — | Treatment | — | See identification leads |
| dyeingStatus: colour treated | — | — | Treatment | — | See identification leads |
| fillingStatus: treated | — | — | Graded — see §5.4.1, Table 1 | — | See identification leads |
Where each treatment acts (schematics): Coated · Dyed · Filled / Fracture-filled
“—” means the cited source gives no value for that item, not “none”. Source: GB/T 16553—2017; GB/T 16552—2017 Table B.1
Whether a treatment has to show in the name differs between the two rule sets (this site’s paraphrase):
- GB/T 16552—2017: a method classed as treatment has to be stated in the name itself — the method put before the name, or added in brackets after it; a method classed as optimization does not need to appear in the name, though one marked “Optimization (annotation required)” still has to be noted in the quality documents. Source: §5.4.2.1 a), b); §5.4.2.2 a)
- CIBJO Gemstone Book 2022: no longer splits treatments into ones that need specific disclosure and ones that need only general disclosure: every treatment is to be disclosed, and the seller tells the buyer which treatment was used and what special care it calls for. Source: §4.2.5 Note 2, §4.2.5.1, pp.14–15
What this table covers
What this page can give
- Registered treatments, their stability and how often they occur (see the table above)
- Identification leads for each treatment, for use when sending a stone for testing
VerifyNames, standards, technical facts, clauses and sources
Names
Chinese standard nameThe Chinese formal name of Qingtian Stone comes from GB/T 16552—2017 Table A.2; Qingtian Stone is a trade name, not a mineral species name. Names in four languagesThe Simplified Chinese, Traditional Chinese and Japanese names share the same characters, and the English name is Qingtian Stone; the mineralogical name is recorded as Chinese carving stone, with a mineral composition that varies by variety. Recommended listing nameThe suggested listing name is Qingtian Stone (state the tested composition). Japanese namesThe GSJ (Japan) formal-name field shows the entry's own Japanese name, as GSJ's wording for this name is not yet verified by this site. Institution usageFor authority wording, the FTC and CIBJO texts on file have no wording for this name (checked), and GIA and Gem-A are unchecked; bodies without a recorded wording show the entry's own English name, Qingtian Stone, which does not represent their position. Qingtian Stone is a rock/mineral aggregate, and its construction or treatment status is natural identity, treatment status unknown.
- GSJ (Japan) formal name
- 青田石 (not yet checked for this body — the entry's own Japanese name is shown)
- Chinese formal name
- 青田石 (GB/T 16552—2017 Table A.2)
- Mineralogical name
- Chinese carving stone; mineral composition varies by variety
Four-language names
- 简体中文
- 青田石
- 繁體中文
- 青田石
- English
- Qingtian Stone
- 日本語
- 青田石
See also: Misleading and prohibited trade names · Supplementary name index
Classification
- Origin
- Natural materials
- Material domain
- Natural inorganic gem materials
- Browsing family
- Rocks and polymineral aggregates
- Identity tier
- Rock / mineral aggregate
- Mineral chemical class
- Mixed / composition-dependent
- Construction or treatment status
- Natural identity; treatment status unknown
Treatments listed by standards
In the Qingtian Stone row of Table B.1 in Annex B of GB/T 16552—2017, the methods listed as optimization or treatment for Qingtian Stone are filling, dyeing and coating. Filling improves or changes durability and appearance, with its category defined by grade; dyeing improves or changes colour, in the category treatment; coating improves or changes lustre, colour and other aspects of appearance, in the category treatment. For what Table B.1 is and how the grades for filling are defined, see this site's Gem treatments page.
GB/T 16552-2017, Annex B, Table B.1
Table B.1, row “Qingtian Stone” (p.17):
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| Method | Effect | Category |
|---|---|---|
| Filling | Improves or changes durability and appearance | Graded — see §5.4.1, Table 1 |
| Dyeing | Improves or changes colour | Treatment |
| Coating | Improves or changes lustre, colour and other aspects of appearance | Treatment |
What Table B.1 is, and how the “see 5.4.1” grades are defined: see the GB/T 16552: optimization vs treatment page.
What it is and how it's identified
Among the registered material facts for Qingtian Stone, the chemical composition depends on the kinds and proportions of minerals present; the structure is a crystalline aggregate, usually compact and massive; Mohs hardness 2–3, with cleavage usually not seen in aggregates; density 2.65–2.9 g/cm³; optically an anisotropic aggregate, with a refractive index of 1.53–1.6, and birefringence cannot be measured in aggregates. This site notes that the refractive index given by the cited clause is the reading commonly obtained with the spot method, a typical value rather than an absolute limit. In untreated Qingtian stone, pleochroism cannot be measured in aggregates, fluorescence is usually absent, the quality factor (lustre) is greasy or waxy, and magnification shows a structure ranging from cryptocrystalline to finely granular and a compact massive structure, possibly with blue, white or other spots. The UV-Vis spectrum is not diagnostic; in the infrared spectrum, vibrations of groups such as Si-O in clay minerals form characteristic bands in the mid-infrared fingerprint region, while OH vibrations form characteristic bands in the functional-group region. This site notes that hardness alone is not enough to judge durability.
Registered material facts
Each row carries its own source and check date and can be cited on its own; “—” means the cited source gives no value, not “none”.
Definition
Qingtian Stone — composition (chemistry): set by which minerals are present and in what proportions
GB/T 16553—2017
- Does this standard apply
- applies to this entry
Source & check 2026-09-21
- Source
- GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.2.32 (locator checked 2026-09-21)
- Fact checked on
- 2026-09-21
Structure
Qingtian Stone — structure (overall): a crystalline aggregate, frequently compact and massive.
GB/T 16553—2017
- Does this standard apply
- applies to this entry
Source & check 2026-09-21
- Source
- GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.2.32 (locator checked 2026-09-21)
- Fact checked on
- 2026-09-21
Durability
Qingtian Stone — Mohs hardness: 2–3
GB/T 16553—2017
Reference points on this site: Talc 1–3, Fluorite 4, Apatite 5–5.5, Orthoclase 6–6.5, Topaz 8, Diamond 10 (Source: GB/T 16553—2017); Gypsum 1.5–2, Calcite 3, Quartz 7 (Source: Handbook of Mineralogy); Corundum 9 (Source: GIA Gem Encyclopedia (care guide))
- Does this standard apply
- applies to this entry
- General note
- hardness only, not durability
Source & check 2026-09-21
- Source
- GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.2.32 (locator checked 2026-09-21)
- Fact checked on
- 2026-09-21
Qingtian Stone — cleavage: generally not seen on an aggregate
GB/T 16553—2017
- Does this standard apply
- applies to this entry
Source & check 2026-09-21
- Source
- GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.2.32 (locator checked 2026-09-21)
- Fact checked on
- 2026-09-21
Physical properties
Qingtian Stone — density: 2.65–2.9 g/cm³
GB/T 16553—2017
- Does this standard apply
- applies to this entry
Source & check 2026-09-21
- Source
- GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.2.32 (locator checked 2026-09-21)
- Fact checked on
- 2026-09-21
Optical
Qingtian Stone — optic character: anisotropic aggregate
GB/T 16553—2017
- Does this standard apply
- applies to this entry
Source & check 2026-09-21
- Source
- GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.2.32 (locator checked 2026-09-21)
- Fact checked on
- 2026-09-21
Qingtian Stone — refractive index: 1.53–1.6
GB/T 16553—2017
- Does this standard apply
- applies to this entry
- Qualification
The clause we cite gives this as a value commonly read by the spot (distant-vision) method. It is a common value, not an absolute limit.
Source & check 2026-09-21
- Source
- GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.2.32 (locator checked 2026-09-21)
- Fact checked on
- 2026-09-21
Qingtian Stone — birefringence: not measurable on an aggregate
GB/T 16553—2017
- Does this standard apply
- applies to this entry
Source & check 2026-09-21
- Source
- GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.2.32 (locator checked 2026-09-21)
- Fact checked on
- 2026-09-21
Qingtian Stone — pleochroism: not measurable on an aggregate
GB/T 16553—2017
- Treatment state
- untreated
- Does this standard apply
- applies to this entry
Source & check 2026-09-21
- Source
- GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.2.32 (locator checked 2026-09-21)
- Fact checked on
- 2026-09-21
Qingtian Stone — fluorescence (overall): generally none
GB/T 16553—2017
- Treatment state
- untreated
- Does this standard apply
- applies to this entry
Source & check 2026-09-21
- Source
- GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.2.32 (locator checked 2026-09-21)
- Fact checked on
- 2026-09-21
Qingtian Stone — spectrum (UV-visible): non-characteristic
GB/T 16553—2017
- Does this standard apply
- applies to this entry
Source & check 2026-09-21
- Source
- GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.2.32 (locator checked 2026-09-21)
- Fact checked on
- 2026-09-21
Qingtian Stone — spectrum (infrared): In the fingerprint part of the mid-IR, the vibrations of Si-O and similar groups in the clay minerals produce characteristic absorption bands; OH vibration does the same in the functional group region.
GB/T 16553—2017
- Does this standard apply
- applies to this entry
Source & check 2026-09-22
- Source
- GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.2.32 (locator checked 2026-09-22)
- Fact checked on
- 2026-09-22
Qingtian Stone — magnification: structure ranging from cryptocrystalline to finely granular, compact massive structure, blue, white and similar spots can occur.
GB/T 16553—2017
- Treatment state
- untreated
- Does this standard apply
- applies to this entry
Source & check 2026-09-21
- Source
- GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.2.32 (locator checked 2026-09-21)
- Fact checked on
- 2026-09-21
Qingtian Stone — body colour: yellow, white, cyan, green, grey, black, pink, brown, etc.
GB/T 16553—2017
- Treatment state
- untreated
- Does this standard apply
- applies to this entry
- Qualification
In chapter 5 of GB/T 16553—2017, the colour entries of Shell, Nephrite, Serpentine and other variety clauses also name yellow or a yellowish colour.
- General note
- colour alone is not identity
Source & check 2026-09-26
- Source
- GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.2.32 (locator checked 2026-09-26)
- Fact checked on
- 2026-09-26
Quality factors
Qingtian Stone — quality factor (lustre): greasy or waxy
GB/T 16553—2017
- Treatment state
- untreated
- Does this standard apply
- applies to this entry
Source & check 2026-09-21
- Source
- GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.2.32 (locator checked 2026-09-21)
- Fact checked on
- 2026-09-21
Each row's “Source & check” expands to the full source; the date beside it is the fact check date.
This material (RI / SG midpoints): 1.565 / 2.77; Closest values: 1Aquamarine 1.58 / 2.79, 2Lepidolite 1.55 / 2.8, 3Shoushan Stone 1.56 / 2.7, 4Calcite 1.572 / 2.7, 5Scapolite 1.558 / 2.67
Show the full chart (330 registered materials)
Outside the full chart's range, drawn as triangles at the edge (RI / SG midpoints): Hematite 3.045/5.12, Synthetic Rutile 2.76/4.26, Rutile 2.753/4.23, Synthetic Moissanite 2.67/3.22
Testing and market
How far testing can go
Qingtian Stone that has undergone coating can be identified by the following features: Under magnification the surface luster is abnormal and the film can be seen peeling off in places; refractive index readings may be abnormal; infrared and Raman spectra show characteristic peaks of the film.
GB/T 16553—2017
- Treatment state
- treated
- Does this standard apply
- can be followed as a reference only
- Treatment
- coating
Source & check 2026-09-21
- Source
- GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.2.32 (coating) (locator checked 2026-09-21)
- Fact checked on
- 2026-09-21
Qingtian Stone that has undergone dyeing can be identified by the following features: Under magnification the colour is unevenly distributed and mostly concentrated in fissures, between grains or in surface hollows; the dye may respond to long- and short-wave UV with an unusual fluorescence; compositional analysis (XRF and similar) detects foreign elements of the dye such as Pb.
GB/T 16553—2017
- Treatment state
- colour treated
- Does this standard apply
- can be followed as a reference only
- Treatment
- dyeing
Source & check 2026-09-21
- Source
- GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.2.32 (dyeing) (locator checked 2026-09-21)
- Fact checked on
- 2026-09-21
Qingtian Stone that has undergone filling can be identified by the following features: Under magnification the surface luster of the filled part differs from the host jade and gas bubbles show in the filled area; under long- and short-wave UV the filled part mostly fluoresces differently from the host jade; infrared spectra show characteristic absorption bands of the filler; luminescence imaging (UV fluorescence viewer and similar) shows how the filler is distributed.
GB/T 16553—2017
- Treatment state
- treated
- Does this standard apply
- can be followed as a reference only
- Treatment
- filling
Source & check 2026-09-21
- Source
- GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.2.32 (filling) (locator checked 2026-09-21)
- Fact checked on
- 2026-09-21
Each row's “Source & check” expands to the full source; the date beside it is the fact check date.
Clause-level definitions
In the clause-level definitions, Qingtian Stone is registered under the entry name Qingtian Stone, based on GB/T 16552-2017 Annex A, with the registered definition being a Chinese carving stone whose mineral composition varies by variety. The cross-check result is that it is listed directly by GB/T, and CIBJO carries no standalone entry under the same name.
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| Term | Clause | Definition | Cross-check |
|---|---|---|---|
| Qingtian Stone | GB/T 16552-2017 Annex A | Chinese carving stone; mineral composition varies by variety | Listed directly by GB/T; CIBJO carries no standalone entry under the same name. |
Evidence and sources
Authority basis and clause sources
Sources
- CIBJO – The World Jewellery Confederation. Gemmological Laboratories Book (Blue Book), Gemmological Commission 2024-1.
- CIBJO – The World Jewellery Confederation. The Gemstone Book (Blue Book), 2022.
- SAMR / SAC (China). GB/T 16552—2017 Gems — Nomenclature.
- RRUFF Project, in partnership with the IMA – International Mineralogical Association. IMA Mineral List.
- Geological Survey of Japan, AIST (Japan). Museum mineral specimens, browse by classification.
Further reading
Related entries and topic cluster
Parent entry and related pages on this site. Rows marked “Planned” are suggested new content and have no link yet.
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| Page | Content | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Browsing family | Rocks and polymineral aggregates | Live |
| Treatments recorded for this material | Filled / Fracture-filled, Dyed, Coated | Live |
| Related articles | To be added (placeholder) | Planned |
Who maintains this page
The material facts in the Qingtian Stone entry are maintained by the LumaLark wiki and matched one by one to the standard clauses or institutional sources they cite: every fact carries its source (with a clause or page locator) and a check date, so it can be traced back to the original; clause-level definitions also carry a cross-check result. The entry exists so that buyers and sellers can check naming, disclosure and material facts item by item.