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UnderstandWhat it is, what people ask, how far this page goes
Natural inorganic gem materials · Mineral species · Natural identity; treatment status unknown
Titanite / Sphene
Also known asSphene
A calcium titanium silicate mineral species, called Titanite as a mineral and Sphene as a traditional gem name. Its basic name in GB/T 16552-2017 Annex A.1 is "Titanite". This page compares how the major standards and institutions name it, what must be disclosed when selling it, whether it can be worn every day, how it is treated and identified, and which source each conclusion comes from.
Price, rarity and origin are outside the scope of this wiki.
What this page can answer
This page covers
- How Titanite / Sphene forms and what gives its colourFormation setting, process and timescale; where its colour and optical effects come from, each finding graded and sourced
- How to identify Titanite / SpheneHow far lab testing can go
- Treatments and enhancements of Titanite / SpheneThe enhancements and treatments the GB/T and JJA/AGL tables list
- Caring for and wearing Titanite / SpheneCleaning, heat, chemicals and light, as the cited sources give them
- Hardness, density and refractive index of Titanite / SpheneEach value with its source and check date
- Titanite / Sphene in English, Chinese and Japanese; national standard namesNames in four languages, the GB/T standard name and the suggested listing name; and: Has any of GIA, FTC, CIBJO or Gem-A put a name for it on record here?
- Name origin and history of Titanite / SpheneWhere the name comes from
- Listing and disclosing Titanite / SpheneThe listing name to use; what must be disclosed before sale
- Standard clauses that define Titanite / SpheneWhich clause defines it, each cross-checked
What we cannot conclude
- Whether one particular bead is natural, treated or synthetic — only a laboratory report can settle that.
- Geographic origin, unless an origin report accompanies the item.
- Price, rarity or investment value: this wiki covers naming and disclosure only.
Material research: formation, causes and history
What authoritative sources say about how this material forms, what causes its colour and optical effects, where its name comes from and how people have used it. Each statement carries an evidence grade and its sources; it describes the material in general, not any specific piece.
How it forms
Titanite, or sphene as it is known commercially, is CaTiSiO5—a calcium titanium silicate that crystallizes monoclinically and is widely distributed as an accessory mineral. Alpine veins, pegmatites and intermediate to felsic plutonic rocks commonly contain it, and it also occurs in gneisses, schists and certain skarns, only rarely as a detrital grain. Growth features are richly preserved on titanite crystal surfaces, which makes the crystallization process observable; the mineral's green colouration may stem from vanadium.
Scope: Covers the origin, composition and occurrence of titanite as a calcium titanium silicate mineral species, including the cause of its vanadium-related colour; does not address synthetic materials.
Sources Handbook of Mineralogy · G&G Winter 2016
Where it forms
A frequent accessory constituent of intermediate and felsic plutonic rocks, alpine veins and pegmatites
Sources Handbook of Mineralogy
Schists, gneisses and a number of skarns
Sources Handbook of Mineralogy
Rarely as a detrital mineral
Sources Handbook of Mineralogy
How it forms, step by step
During crystallization of plutonic rocks or pegmatites, titanite precipitates as an accessory mineral from melt/fluid.
Sources Handbook of Mineralogy
In metamorphic settings (gneisses, schists, skarns), titanite grows within the rock through metamorphic reactions.
Sources Handbook of Mineralogy
The crystal surfaces record abundant growth (and dissolution) features, such as jagged, angular faces.
Sources G&G Winter 2016
When vanadium is present, the crystal may be bright green, as confirmed by EDXRF analysis.
Sources G&G Winter 2016
Link to appearance
Titanite may be black, brown, grey, colorless, green, yellow to red, with an adamantine to resinous luster; deeply colored crystals show distinct pleochroism, and the wedge-shaped habit is characteristic.
Sources Handbook of Mineralogy
Timescale
The sources state no timescale for titanite formation.
Sources Handbook of Mineralogy · G&G Winter 2016 · CIBJO Gemstone Book 2022
Supporting findings
Titanite—sold in the trade as sphene—is a calcium titanium silicate. It is a frequent accessory constituent of intermediate and felsic plutonic rocks, alpine veins and pegmatites, and is additionally found in schists, gneisses and a number of skarns.
Evidence grade BScope: Describes titanite's occurrence and synonymous name; not the sole origin of any one locality.
Sources Handbook of Mineralogy · CIBJO Gemstone Book 2022
Titanite crystals preserve abundant surface growth features, which reveal their natural crystallization process.
Evidence grade AScope: Describes titanite's natural crystallization and surface growth features; not laboratory synthesis.
Sources G&G Winter 2016
Minerals found alongside titanite commonly include diopside, biotite, nepheline, ilmenite, magnetite, monazite, allanite, apatite, epidote, chlorite and albite.
Evidence grade BScope: Describes common titanite associations; not every locality contains all of these minerals.
Sources Handbook of Mineralogy
Recorded localities
Authoritative sources list the localities below; the list is not exhaustive.
Africa
- Daraina, Antsiranana, MadagascarSometimes in important quantities during the 1990s; table lists Daraina and Milanoa
Sources Gems & Gemology Winter 2000
Asia
- Karur, Tamil Nadu, IndiaGem locality of the 1990s
Sources Gems & Gemology Winter 2000
- Mogok area, MyanmarGem locality of the 1990s
Sources Gems & Gemology Winter 2000
Europe
- Saranovskoe, Perm Krai, RussiaGem locality of the 1990s
Sources Gems & Gemology Winter 2000
- Hauzenberg, Passau, Bavaria, Germany
Sources Mindat: Titanite
North America
- Chibougamau, Quebec, CanadaGem locality of the 1990s
Sources Gems & Gemology Winter 2000
South America
- BrazilSometimes in important quantities during the 1990s
Sources Gems & Gemology Winter 2000
Oceania
- Harts Range, Northern Territory, AustraliaGem locality of the 1990s
Sources Gems & Gemology Winter 2000
These are localities recorded by authoritative sources, not an origin finding for any individual piece. The CIBJO Gemstone Book (2022, §4.2.3) says a place of origin names where a gem was mined or harvested, is a matter of opinion, does not imply a level of quality, and that cutting, processing or exporting centres must not be used to imply origin. See how far testing can go on this page, the origin determination guide and the overview of recorded localities.
Causes of colour and optical effects
Titanite's green color can be caused by vanadium — EDXRF analysis of a Russian crystal confirmed its bright green color results from the presence of vanadium.
Evidence grade AScope: Applies to vanadium-induced color in that specific sample; it is not generalized to all green titanite.
Sources G&G Winter 2016
Where the name comes from
The English name titanite derives from titanium in its composition, i.e. it is named for the element titanium (Ti) it contains.
Evidence grade BScope: Etymology explains the origin of the name only; it does not establish the material's composition, locality, naturalness, or treatment.
Sources Handbook of Mineralogy
Other research findings
Titanite has the formula CaTiSiO5, and its optical properties include high refractive indices and strong dispersion.
Evidence grade BScope: Describes titanite's chemical composition; does not extend to gem-grade grading.
Sources Handbook of Mineralogy
Limits of this research
- Research status: Formation, occurrence or other material-specific findings found in authoritative sources
- The sources state no absolute geological timescale for titanite formation.
- The vanadium color-cause derives from EDXRF analysis of a single Russian sample and does not necessarily apply to all green titanite.
Methodology
- Origin determination and its limits
- Quality grading and value factors
- How gemmology became a technical discipline
Evidence grades
- A
- Standards bodies, government geological surveys, peer-reviewed research and museum records
- B
- Institutional educational material
- C
- Specialist databases or cautious readings
A statement is never graded above its strongest source.
This section is LumaLark's own factual restatement of public authoritative sources, credited item by item; it contains no verbatim excerpts, images or third-party logos.
DecideListing name, disclosure, care and treatments
- Suggested listing name
- Titanite (sphene)
GB/T 16552—2017 Table A.1 “Sphene” · IMA Mineral List 2026-07 “Titanite”
Construction or treatment status
Natural identity; treatment status unknown
Related:Disclosure and cautions
This page cannot answer
Natural? · Origin · Price
A lab report settles these; this wiki covers naming and disclosure.
Related:What this page can answer
Answer at a glance
Titanite / Sphene is Titanite (CaTiSiO5); use "Titanite (sphene)" for listings, and disclose any known treatments.
Evidence
- GB/T · Table A.1, row 榍石 (Titanite / Sphene)
What this means for you
Before buying, check the recommended listing name "Titanite (sphene)" and any disclosed treatments on this page, and ask the seller for a grading report if in doubt.
Known uncertainty
- Last reviewed
- 2026-09-01
Care and wear
Normal care for every gemstone (CIBJO Gemstone Book §6.1), in brief:
- Handle it gently.
- Store pieces apart when not worn, so they cannot scratch each other.
- Clean with warm soapy water and a soft brush.
- Use ultrasonic cleaners only with caution.
The §6.1 wording and the full list of §6.2 special-care letters cited on this page are on the general gem care page.
Care
Titanite / Sphene — care (cleaning): Some stones are susceptible to damage from ultrasonic cleaning. Do not expose them to ultrasonic cleaning.
CIBJO Gemstone Book 2022
CIBJO Gemstone Book §6.2:special-care code j
- Treatment state
- any treatment state
Source & check 2026-09-25
- Source
- CIBJO Blue Book — Official Gemstone Book (Coloured Stone Commission 2022) (CIBJO): §8 Annex C, Titanite, p.79; §6.2 j (locator checked 2026-09-25)
- Fact checked on
- 2026-09-25
Each row's “Source & check” expands to the full source; the date beside it is the fact check date.
Common care questions and matching entries
CleaningThe care conclusion for Titanite / Sphene is that it must not be cleaned ultrasonically, in any treatment state. This conclusion comes from the CIBJO Gemstone Book (Coloured Stone Commission 2022), recorded under Titanite. General careGeneral care that applies to all gemstones, and the full table of special-care letters cited, are in the general care section of the materials index page.
This table scrolls sideways on narrow screens.
| Question | Matching entries |
|---|---|
| Can it go in an ultrasonic or steam cleaner? | care (cleaning) |
VerifyNames, standards, technical facts, clauses and sources
Names
Besides Titanite / Sphene, the name register records "Sphene", for which no restriction on use as a name is recorded; one further name in a non-Latin script is listed in the name register below (1 with no restriction recorded on use as a name).
Standard and listing namesThe Chinese standard name for Titanite / Sphene is titanite (GB/T 16552—2017 Table A.1), and the suggested listing name is Titanite; the mineralogical name is Titanite (CaTiSiO5), and the trade name or synonym is Sphene. Names in four languagesNames are registered in four languages: Simplified and Traditional Chinese (written identically), English (Titanite / Sphene) and Japanese; the wording used by the GSJ (Japan) for the Japanese name is not yet verified by this site. Candidate search termsA Japanese transliteration of sphene is used only as a candidate search term, on the basis of the main gem nomenclature list on p. 14 of the JJA/AGL gem name handbook 2025. Institution usageThe wording of GIA, FTC, CIBJO and Gem-A for the English name is not yet verified; Titanite / Sphene is the entry's own English name and does not represent the position of GIA, FTC, CIBJO or Gem-A.
Name register
Every name recorded for this entry, with how it is classified, whether it may be matched to this entry automatically, whether it may be used as a product name, and the clause it rests on.
This table scrolls sideways on narrow screens.
| Name | Type | Matching | Use as a name | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| no restriction recorded (2) | ||||
| SpheneEnglish | synonym | matched automatically | no restriction recorded | editorial ruling (no clause cited) |
| スフェーンJapanese | transliteration | search candidate only | no restriction recorded | JJA/AGL Gemstone Nomenclature 2025 p.14 |
How each authority words this name: see Names › Authority wording.
- GSJ (Japan) formal name
- チタナイト／くさび石 (not yet checked for this body — the entry's own Japanese name is shown)
- Chinese formal name
- 榍石 (GB/T 16552—2017 Table A.1)
- Mineralogical name
- Titanite (CaTiSiO5)
- Trade names and synonyms
- Sphene (synonym)
Four-language names
- 简体中文
- 榍石
- 繁體中文
- 榍石
- English
- Titanite / Sphene
- 日本語
- チタナイト／くさび石
See also: Misleading and prohibited trade names · Supplementary name index
Classification
- Origin
- Natural materials
- Material domain
- Natural inorganic gem materials
- Browsing family
- Other silicate minerals
- Identity tier
- Mineral species
- Mineral chemical class
- Silicates
- Construction or treatment status
- Natural identity; treatment status unknown
Treatments listed by standards
In the table of principal gem names of the JJA/AGL (Japan) definitions and nomenclature of gemstones and ornamental materials, November 2025 revision, Titanite / Sphene is registered with the gem name Sphene, species titanite, and colours yellow, brownish yellow, brown and green, and the treatment listed in the table is untreated. How to read the JJA/AGL table is explained on the Gem treatments page.
JJA/AGL (Japan) table of principal gem names, 2025
This table scrolls sideways on narrow screens.
| Gem name | Species | Colour | Listed in the table | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sphene | Titanite / Sphene | yellow, brownish yellow, brown, green | an untreated tier is listed |
JJA/AGL definitions and nomenclature (2025 revision), table of principal gem names, p.14
How to read the JJA/AGL table: see the Gem treatments page.
What it is and how it's identified
The chemical composition of Titanite / Sphene is CaTiSiO5; it is crystalline, monoclinic, with flattened envelope-shaped crystals of wedge-shaped cross-section; Mohs hardness 5–5.5, with two moderate cleavages. Density is 3.5–3.54 g/cm³, worked out from the cited clause value of 3.52 and tolerance of ±0.02. Optically, optic character is anisotropic, biaxial, optically positive; refractive index 1.88–2.054, worked out from the cited clause value of 1.900–2.034 and tolerance of ±0.020; birefringence 0.1–0.135, dispersion 0.051. As registered by CIBJO, it is transparent to translucent. The UV-visible spectrum sometimes shows a 580nm doublet absorption, and the mid-infrared region shows the characteristic infrared absorption bands of titanite. Untreated, pleochroism is yellowish green to brown, moderate to strong, with light yellowish green, brownish orange and brownish yellow visible; no fluorescence; magnification shows gas-liquid inclusions, mineral inclusions, twinning lines and pronounced doubling (high birefringence); lustre adamantine. Body colour, untreated, is registered as yellow, green, brown and orange, rarely red, with GB/T 16553—2017 also listing colourless.
Registered material facts
Each row carries its own source and check date and can be cited on its own; “—” means the cited source gives no value, not “none”.
Definition
Titanite / Sphene — composition (chemistry): CaTiSiO5
GB/T 16553—2017
- Does this standard apply
- applies to this entry
Source & check 2026-09-21
- Source
- GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.1.23 (locator checked 2026-09-21)
- Fact checked on
- 2026-09-21
Structure
Titanite / Sphene — structure (overall): crystalline
GB/T 16553—2017
- Does this standard apply
- applies to this entry
Source & check 2026-09-21
- Source
- GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.1.23 (locator checked 2026-09-21)
- Fact checked on
- 2026-09-21
Titanite / Sphene — structure (crystal system): monoclinic
GB/T 16553—2017
- Does this standard apply
- applies to this entry
Source & check 2026-09-21
- Source
- GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.1.23 (locator checked 2026-09-21)
- Fact checked on
- 2026-09-21
Titanite / Sphene — structure (crystal habit): flattened, envelope-like crystals whose cross-section is wedge-shaped.
GB/T 16553—2017
- Does this standard apply
- applies to this entry
Source & check 2026-09-21
- Source
- GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.1.23 (locator checked 2026-09-21)
- Fact checked on
- 2026-09-21
Durability
Titanite / Sphene — Mohs hardness: 5–5.5
GB/T 16553—2017
Reference points on this site: Talc 1–3, Fluorite 4, Apatite 5–5.5, Orthoclase 6–6.5, Topaz 8, Diamond 10 (Source: GB/T 16553—2017); Gypsum 1.5–2, Calcite 3, Quartz 7 (Source: Handbook of Mineralogy); Corundum 9 (Source: GIA Gem Encyclopedia (care guide))
- Does this standard apply
- applies to this entry
- General note
- hardness only, not durability
Source & check 2026-09-21
- Source
- GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.1.23 (locator checked 2026-09-21)
- Fact checked on
- 2026-09-21
Titanite / Sphene — cleavage: moderate in two directions
GB/T 16553—2017
- Does this standard apply
- applies to this entry
Source & check 2026-09-21
- Source
- GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.1.23 (locator checked 2026-09-21)
- Fact checked on
- 2026-09-21
Physical properties
Titanite / Sphene — density: 3.5–3.54 g/cm³
GB/T 16553—2017
- Does this standard apply
- applies to this entry
- Qualification
The clause we cite gives 3.52, with a stated tolerance of ±0.02. The range shown here is worked out from that.
Source & check 2026-09-21
- Source
- GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.1.23 (locator checked 2026-09-21)
- Fact checked on
- 2026-09-21
Optical
Titanite / Sphene — optic character: biaxial, optically positive (anisotropic)
GB/T 16553—2017
- Does this standard apply
- applies to this entry
Source & check 2026-09-21
- Source
- GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.1.23 (locator checked 2026-09-21)
- Fact checked on
- 2026-09-21
Titanite / Sphene — refractive index: 1.88–2.054
GB/T 16553—2017
- Does this standard apply
- applies to this entry
- Qualification
The clause we cite gives 1.900–2.034, with a stated tolerance of ±0.020. The range shown here is worked out from that.
Source & check 2026-09-21
- Source
- GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.1.23 (locator checked 2026-09-21)
- Fact checked on
- 2026-09-21
Titanite / Sphene — birefringence: 0.1–0.135
GB/T 16553—2017
- Does this standard apply
- applies to this entry
Source & check 2026-09-21
- Source
- GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.1.23 (locator checked 2026-09-21)
- Fact checked on
- 2026-09-21
Titanite / Sphene — dispersion: 0.051
GB/T 16553—2017
- Does this standard apply
- applies to this entry
Source & check 2026-09-21
- Source
- GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.1.23 (locator checked 2026-09-21)
- Fact checked on
- 2026-09-21
Titanite / Sphene — transparency: transparent to translucent.
CIBJO Gemmological Laboratories Book 2024
Source & check 2026-09-22
- Source
- Fact checked on
- 2026-09-22
Titanite / Sphene — pleochroism: Yellowish green to brown stones show moderate to strong pleochroism: brownish yellow, brownish orange and pale yellow-green.
GB/T 16553—2017
- Treatment state
- untreated
- Does this standard apply
- applies to this entry
Source & check 2026-09-21
- Source
- GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.1.23 (locator checked 2026-09-21)
- Fact checked on
- 2026-09-21
Titanite / Sphene — fluorescence (overall): none
GB/T 16553—2017
- Treatment state
- untreated
- Does this standard apply
- applies to this entry
Source & check 2026-09-21
- Source
- GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.1.23 (locator checked 2026-09-21)
- Fact checked on
- 2026-09-21
Titanite / Sphene — spectrum (UV-visible): sometimes seen 580 nm double absorption peak
GB/T 16553—2017
- Does this standard apply
- applies to this entry
Source & check 2026-09-21
- Source
- GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.1.23 (locator checked 2026-09-21)
- Fact checked on
- 2026-09-21
Titanite / Sphene — spectrum (infrared): The mid-IR spectrum carries sphene's own diagnostic bands
GB/T 16553—2017
- Does this standard apply
- applies to this entry
Source & check 2026-09-21
- Source
- GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.1.23 (locator checked 2026-09-21)
- Fact checked on
- 2026-09-21
Titanite / Sphene — magnification: gas-liquid inclusions, fingerprint-like inclusions, mineral inclusions, twin striations, pronounced doubling (high birefringence).
GB/T 16553—2017
- Treatment state
- untreated
- Does this standard apply
- applies to this entry
Source & check 2026-09-21
- Source
- GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.1.23 (locator checked 2026-09-21)
- Fact checked on
- 2026-09-21
body colour2 sources compared
Titanite / Sphene — body colour: yellow, green, brown, orange, colorless, etc.; red (rare).
GB/T 16553—2017
- Treatment state
- untreated
- Does this standard apply
- applies to this entry
- Qualification
In chapter 5 of GB/T 16553—2017, the colour entries of Sphalerite, Zircon, Barite and other variety clauses also name yellow or a yellowish colour.
- General note
- colour alone is not identity
Source & check 2026-09-26
- Source
- GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.1.23 (locator checked 2026-09-26)
- Fact checked on
- 2026-09-26
Titanite / Sphene — body colour: Yellow, green, brown, orange, rarely red.
CIBJO Gemmological Laboratories Book 2024
- Treatment state
- untreated
- Qualification
In chapter 7 of the CIBJO Gemmological Laboratories Book, the colour descriptions of Mali Garnet, Sphalerite, Andesine and other entries also name yellow or a yellowish colour.
- General note
- colour alone is not identity
Source & check 2026-09-26
- Source
- Fact checked on
- 2026-09-26
How the sources relate
- GB/T 16553—2017 and CIBJO Gemmological Laboratories Book 2024
Both list yellow, green, brown and orange and note that red is rare. GB/T 16553—2017 also lists colourless.
Quality factors
Titanite / Sphene — quality factor (lustre): adamantine
GB/T 16553—2017
- Treatment state
- untreated
- Does this standard apply
- applies to this entry
Source & check 2026-09-21
- Source
- GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.1.23 (locator checked 2026-09-21)
- Fact checked on
- 2026-09-21
Each row's “Source & check” expands to the full source; the date beside it is the fact check date.
This material (RI / SG midpoints): 1.967 / 3.52; Closest values: 1Demantoid 1.89 / 3.84, 2Andradite 1.875 / 3.9, 3Uvarovite 1.85 / 3.9, 4Garnet 1.825 / 3.9, 5Spessartine 1.802 / 3.9
Show the full chart (330 registered materials)
Outside the full chart's range, drawn as triangles at the edge (RI / SG midpoints): Hematite 3.045/5.12, Synthetic Rutile 2.76/4.26, Rutile 2.753/4.23, Synthetic Moissanite 2.67/3.22
Testing and market
The tests the CIBJO laboratory protocol requires for this material, and what each method means, are in the protocol table on the laboratory testing page: §6.1.77.
How far testing can go
Each row's “Source & check” expands to the full source; the date beside it is the fact check date.
Clause-level definitions
Titanite / Sphene is defined directly in the gem materials list of the CIBJO Gemmological Laboratories Book 2024 under the terms Sphene and Titanite. The definition under Sphene states that in the trade, sphene is used as a synonym for titanite. The definition under Titanite gives the mineral species titanite with IMA status A, with the CIBJO wording quoted in full under Clause-level definitions on this page. The cross-check result is that both are defined directly by CIBJO; the term Sphene also appears in the GB/T annex, while the English name Titanite was not found directly in this edition of the GB/T annex.
This table scrolls sideways on narrow screens.
| Term | Clause | Definition | Cross-check |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sphene | 7.2.1.225 | In the trade, sphene is used as a synonym for titanite. Yellow, green, brown, orange, rarely red; transparent to translucent | Defined directly by CIBJO; also present in the GB/T annex. |
| Titanite | 7.2.1.241 | Yellow, green, brown, orange, rarely red; transparent to translucent | Defined directly by CIBJO; no identically named English entry was found in this edition of the GB/T annex. |
Evidence and sources
Authority basis and clause sources
Sources
- CIBJO – The World Jewellery Confederation. Gemmological Laboratories Book (Blue Book), Gemmological Commission 2024-1.
- CIBJO – The World Jewellery Confederation. The Gemstone Book (Blue Book), 2022.
- SAMR / SAC (China). GB/T 16552—2017 Gems — Nomenclature.
- RRUFF Project, in partnership with the IMA – International Mineralogical Association. IMA Mineral List.
- Geological Survey of Japan, AIST (Japan). Museum mineral specimens, browse by classification.
Further reading
Recorded cultural contexts
Japan's JJA 2021 revised roster lists Sphene for July. This records trade-association convention only; it does not establish material identity, natural origin, treatment, provenance, or effect.
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| Publisher or holder | Region | From / period | Source and locator |
|---|---|---|---|
| Japan Jewellery Association | Japan | from 20 December 2021 | Tanjoseki (Japanese birthstone roster, Japan Jewellery Association page; revision of 20 December 2021) 2021 revised birthstone roster, July row: Sphene |
Related entries and topic cluster
Parent entry and related pages on this site. Rows marked “Planned” are suggested new content and have no link yet.
This table scrolls sideways on narrow screens.
| Page | Content | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Browsing family | Other silicate minerals | Live |
| Related articles | To be added (placeholder) | Planned |
Who maintains this page
The material facts in the Titanite / Sphene entry are maintained by the LumaLark wiki and matched one by one to the standard clauses or institutional sources they cite: every fact carries its source (with a clause or page locator) and a check date, so it can be traced back to the original; clause-level definitions also carry a cross-check result. The entry exists so that buyers and sellers can check naming, disclosure and material facts item by item.