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UnderstandWhat it is, what people ask, how far this page goes
Natural inorganic gem materials · Commercial / trade name · Natural identity; treatment status unknown
Bi Yu, Green Nephrite Variety
A green colour sub-variety under Nephrite / Hetian Yu, corresponding to Nephrite in English; the standard Chinese name for English Jasper is a different term (see Jasper). Also known as Jasper. This page compares how the major standards and institutions name it, what must be disclosed when selling it, whether it can be worn every day, how it is treated and identified, and which source each conclusion comes from.
Price, rarity and origin are outside the scope of this wiki.
What this page can answer
This page covers
- How Bi Yu, Green Nephrite Variety forms and what gives its colourFormation setting, process and timescale; where its colour and optical effects come from, each finding graded and sourced
- How to identify Bi Yu, Green Nephrite VarietyHow far lab testing can go
- Treatments and enhancements of Bi Yu, Green Nephrite VarietyThe enhancements and treatments the GB/T and JJA/AGL tables list
- Caring for and wearing Bi Yu, Green Nephrite VarietyCleaning, heat, chemicals and light, as the cited sources give them; durability indicators and wearing advice
- Hardness, density and refractive index of Bi Yu, Green Nephrite VarietyEach value with its source and check date
- Bi Yu, Green Nephrite Variety in English, Chinese and Japanese; national standard namesNames in four languages, the GB/T standard name and the suggested listing name; and: Has any of GIA, FTC, CIBJO or Gem-A put a name for it on record here?
- Name origin and history of Bi Yu, Green Nephrite VarietyWhere the name comes from
- Listing and disclosing Bi Yu, Green Nephrite VarietyThe listing name to use; what must be disclosed before sale
What we cannot conclude
- Whether one particular bead is natural, treated or synthetic — only a laboratory report can settle that.
- Geographic origin, unless an origin report accompanies the item.
- Price, rarity or investment value: this wiki covers naming and disclosure only.
Material research: formation, causes and history
What authoritative sources say about how this material forms, what causes its colour and optical effects, where its name comes from and how people have used it. Each statement carries an evidence grade and its sources; it describes the material in general, not any specific piece.
How it forms
Under Chinese nomenclature biyu denotes green nephrite: a fine-grained fibrous aggregate dominated by tremolite-actinolite series amphibole, of metamorphic origin. It forms chiefly by metasomatism (hydrothermal metamorphism), silica-rich fluids replacing dolomite-rich rocks or calcium-rich fluids reacting with serpentinites, with tremolite and ferro-actinolite as end members. Its green colour is compositionally associated with the iron-bearing end member (actinolite), but the cited sources give no definite colouring mechanism. Note especially: Chinese biyu is green nephrite and is a different material from English 'jasper' (a cryptocrystalline quartz material) - the two must not be equated.
Scope: Covers the material-level origin of "bi yu" as a colour trade name for green nephrite; its colour boundaries are not treated as a verifiable standard provision.
Sources G&G Summer 2023 · GIA Jade Description · Handbook of Mineralogy
Where it forms
Contact-metamorphic setting: Ca-Mg siliceous sediments heated by an igneous body.
Sources G&G Summer 2023
Regional metamorphism / greenschist facies: low-grade metamorphism of ultramafic or magnesium-carbonate rocks.
Sources G&G Summer 2023
Hydrothermal metasomatic (hydrothermal-metamorphic) setting: silica-rich fluids replacing dolomite-rich rocks, or calcium-rich fluids reacting with serpentinites.
Sources G&G Summer 2023
How it forms, step by step
Protolith in place: dolomite-rich / magnesium-carbonate rock or ultramafic rock exists in contact with an igneous body or fluid system.
Fluid metasomatism: silica-rich fluid enters dolomitic rock, or calcium-rich fluid reacts with serpentinite (metasomatism).
Tremolite-actinolite crystallises: amphibole forms via the reaction 5 dolomite + 8 aqueous silica + water → tremolite + 3 calcite + 7 aqueous carbon dioxide.
Fibrous interlocking (felted) aggregate develops: fine fibrous crystals interlock into a dense, tough jade.
Link to appearance
The fine interlocking fibrous texture makes nephrite exceptionally tough and carvable and gives its translucent-to-opaque, waxy look; colour varies with composition and iron content, generally more muted than jadeite.
Sources G&G Summer 2023 · GIA Jade Description · Handbook of Mineralogy
Timescale
The available sources give no absolute geological age or date for nephrite formation.
Sources G&G Summer 2023
Related base materials
- Nephrite: Fibrous aggregate of amphiboles of the tremolite–actinolite series (the underlying material of this material family)
Supporting findings
Nephrite arises through hydrothermal metamorphism (metasomatism): either calcium-rich fluids interact with serpentinites, or silica-rich fluids infiltrate dolomite-rich rocks; for the dolomite route the reaction can be written 5 dolomite + 8 aqueous silica + water → tremolite + 3 calcite + 7 aqueous carbon dioxide.
Evidence grade AScope: Describes the natural genesis of the underlying material (tremolite-actinolite nephrite) only; it does not establish a specimen's origin, treatment, or colour subcategory.
Recorded localities
Authoritative sources list the localities below; the list is not exhaustive.
Asia
- Eastern Sayan, RussiaSources describe nephrite generally, not green material specifically
Sources Mindat: Nephrite · Gems & Gemology Winter 2000
- Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang, ChinaSources describe nephrite generally, not green material specifically
Sources Gems & Gemology Winter 2000 · Handbook of Mineralogy · Mindat: Nephrite
Europe
- Jordanów Śląski, Lower Silesia, PolandSources describe nephrite generally, not green material specifically
Sources Mindat: Nephrite
North America
- British Columbia, CanadaSources describe nephrite generally, not green material specifically
Sources Gems & Gemology Winter 2000 · Handbook of Mineralogy
Oceania
- Hokitika area, West Coast, South Island, New ZealandSources describe nephrite generally, not green material specifically
Sources Mindat: Nephrite · Handbook of Mineralogy
These are localities recorded by authoritative sources, not an origin finding for any individual piece. The CIBJO Gemstone Book (2022, §4.2.3) says a place of origin names where a gem was mined or harvested, is a matter of opinion, does not imply a level of quality, and that cutting, processing or exporting centres must not be used to imply origin. See how far testing can go on this page, the origin determination guide and the overview of recorded localities.
Causes of colour and optical effects
Here 'biyu' denotes green nephrite, a fibrous aggregate dominated by tremolite-actinolite series amphibole; its green colour is compositionally associated with the iron-bearing end member (actinolite, described as bright green to greyish green), but the cited sources give no specific colouring mechanism, so green attribution requires testing.
Evidence grade BScope: Describes the association between green nephrite and the iron-bearing end member only; no colouring mechanism is asserted, as the sources do not give one.
Sources GIA Jade Description · Handbook of Mineralogy
Where the name comes from
Green nephrite is a fibrous aggregate of actinolite–tremolite series amphibole; this etymology belongs to its constituent parent mineral actinolite — its name is Greek for "ray", reflecting the radiating fibrous habit typically shown by the mineral. It is not the origin of the Chinese name "biyu".
Evidence grade BScope: This states only the origin of the name and does not establish the material's composition, locality, natural origin, or whether it was treated. The etymology belongs to the parent mineral name and is not the origin of the trade or variety name itself.
Sources Handbook of Mineralogy
Other research findings
Nephrite is a felted, interlocking fibrous aggregate that is dominated by amphibole of the tremolite–actinolite series; it is not a single crystal but spans the compositional range from the tremolite end member Ca2Mg5Si8O22(OH)2 to the ferro-actinolite end member Ca2Fe5Si8O22(OH)2.
Evidence grade AScope: Describes nephrite's mineral composition range only; it does not establish a specimen's origin, treatment, or colour.
This name is a colour/variety trade name under the Chinese nephrite system, denoting a tremolite-actinolite material; without the full text of the relevant standard this record makes no clause-level definition of its colour boundary and does not treat it as an independent mineral species.
Evidence grade BScope: The Chinese 'biyu' denotes green nephrite and must not be equated with English 'jasper' (a cryptocrystalline quartz material); no GB/T clauses are invented here.
Sources GIA Jade Description
Limits of this research
- Research status: Formation, occurrence or other material-specific findings found in authoritative sources
- The specific colouring mechanism of green nephrite is not given in the available sources and requires testing.
- The full text of GB/T 16552 and similar standards is not obtainable, so the clause-level definition of the green subcategory could not be verified; no clauses or tables are invented.
- Chinese biyu and English 'jasper' are different materials and are kept distinct here.
Methodology
- Origin determination and its limits
- Quality grading and value factors
- How gemmology became a technical discipline
Evidence grades
- A
- Standards bodies, government geological surveys, peer-reviewed research and museum records
- B
- Institutional educational material
- C
- Specialist databases or cautious readings
A statement is never graded above its strongest source.
This section is LumaLark's own factual restatement of public authoritative sources, credited item by item; it contains no verbatim excerpts, images or third-party logos.
DecideListing name, disclosure, care and treatments
- Suggested listing name
- Green nephrite (Bi Yu)
GB/T 16552—2017 Table A.2 “Nephrite”, Table A.2 “Hetian Yu,Nephrite”, Table A.2 “Chalcedony(Agate/Jasper)” · GB/T 34098—2017 §5.4, §6 a)
Construction or treatment status
Natural identity; treatment status unknown
Treatments recorded for this material: Filled / Fracture-filled (via parent material), Dyed (via parent material)
Related:Disclosure and cautions
This page cannot answer
Natural? · Origin · Price
A lab report settles these; this wiki covers naming and disclosure.
Related:What this page can answer
Answer at a glance
"Bi Yu, Green Nephrite Variety" is a market name rather than a mineral species name; before using it, verify: Laboratory identification required before the name is used.
Evidence
- GB/T · Table A.2, row 和田玉 (Hetian Yu / Nephrite)
What this means for you
Before buying, check the recommended listing name "Green nephrite (Bi Yu)" and any disclosed treatments on this page, and ask the seller for a grading report if in doubt.
Known uncertainty
- This entry's exact material identity is not fully settled.
- See “Disclosure and cautions” above
- Last reviewed
- 2026-09-01
Trade-name ruling
- Laboratory identification required before the name is used.
- Suggested listing name
- Green nephrite (Bi Yu)
Care and wear
The item-by-item care advice that the GIA Care and Cleaning Guide gives for the whole class, and so for Bi Yu, Green Nephrite Variety, is set out in full under care on the Nephrite entry.
Care
Each row's “Source & check” expands to the full source; the date beside it is the fact check date.
Durability and wearing
Toughness
Brittle, tough in fibrous aggregates (nephrite jade)
Sources Handbook of Mineralogy
Daily wear
Jasper/nephrite (actinolite-type) ranks 5–6 on the Mohs scale; the single crystal is brittle, but in fibrous aggregates (nephrite jade) it is very tough and resistant to breaking and chipping. It is durable for daily wear, the main risk being surface scratching.
Care
Clean with warm soapy water and a soft brush; ultrasonic and steam cleaning are usually safe for untreated material, but warm soapy water is the safest choice for stones that are dyed, bleached, impregnated, coated or heat-treated. Avoid acids.
General guidance: LumaLark's general guidance inferred from the material's properties (hardness, toughness, cleavage); not text from the cited source, and not a guarantee for any specific piece.
Scope: This field describes the material's general properties and does not constitute a durability or safety guarantee for any specific finished product; the durability of treated (filled, dyed, coated) or composite pieces must be assessed separately.
Treatments and identification leads
One row per treatment, with three standards side by side: how often it occurs and how stable it is (CIBJO), its category in GB/T 16552—2017 Table B.1 (this site's paraphrase) and how the JJA/AGL 2025 table lists it. Each CIBJO value links to its entry under “Testing and market”, where the wording and source are given in full.
This table scrolls sideways on narrow screens.
| Treatment | Market frequency (CIBJO) | Stability (CIBJO) | GB/T 16552 category | JJA/AGL listing | Identification leads |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Filling | — | — | Graded — see §5.4.1, Table 1 | — | — |
| Dyeing | — | — | Treatment | — | — |
“—” means the cited source gives no value for that item, not “none”. Source: GB/T 16552—2017 Table B.1 (row for Nephrite)
Whether a treatment has to show in the name differs between the two rule sets (this site’s paraphrase):
- GB/T 16552—2017: a method classed as treatment has to be stated in the name itself — the method put before the name, or added in brackets after it; a method classed as optimization does not need to appear in the name, though one marked “Optimization (annotation required)” still has to be noted in the quality documents. Source: §5.4.2.1 a), b); §5.4.2.2 a)
- CIBJO Gemstone Book 2022: no longer splits treatments into ones that need specific disclosure and ones that need only general disclosure: every treatment is to be disclosed, and the seller tells the buyer which treatment was used and what special care it calls for. Source: §4.2.5 Note 2, §4.2.5.1, pp.14–15
What this table covers
What this page can give
- Registered treatments, their stability and how often they occur (see the table above)
- Identification leads for each treatment, for use when sending a stone for testing
VerifyNames, standards, technical facts, clauses and sources
Names
Besides Bi Yu, Green Nephrite Variety, the name register records "Jasper", for which no restriction on use as a name is recorded; 2 further names in non-Latin scripts are listed in the name register below (2 with no restriction recorded on use as a name).
Standard and listing namesThe Chinese formal name for Bi Yu, Green Nephrite Variety is set out in GB/T 16552—2017 Table A.2, and its identity tier is commercial/trade name. The suggested listing name given by this site is green nephrite (bi yu). Trade and mineralogical namesMarket names also include the synonym green nephrite and Russian bi yu; GB/T 16552—2017 provides that a trade name is not used on its own and may only be noted, and “Russian material” and “Hetian” are mutually exclusive origin trade labels, so Russian bi yu does not correspond to Hetian bi yu. The English name Jasper and bi yu must never be cross-referenced, and Jasper cannot serve as an equivalent name. Names in four languagesThe four-language names cover Simplified Chinese, Traditional Chinese, English (Bi Yu, Green Nephrite Variety) and Japanese. Trade and mineralogical namesThe mineralogical name is green nephrite, a fibrous aggregate of actinolite–tremolite series amphibole. Institution usageThe wording of GIA, FTC, CIBJO and Gem-A, and of GSJ (Japan), for this material is not yet verified by this site; the entry's own English and Japanese names do not represent any body's position.
Name register
Every name recorded for this entry, with how it is classified, whether it may be matched to this entry automatically, whether it may be used as a product name, and the clause it rests on.
This table scrolls sideways on narrow screens.
| Name | Type | Matching | Use as a name | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| no restriction recorded (3) | ||||
| JasperEnglish | market name | never matched to this entry | no restriction recorded | editorial ruling (no clause cited); Note: In English, Jasper names the separate jasper entry, a quartz material. This entry is an amphibole nephrite, so the two are different materials and are not translated into each other. |
| 俄料碧玉Simplified Chinese | market name | matched automatically | no restriction recorded | GB/T 16552—2017 5.1.1 c); CIBJO Gemstone Book 2022 4.2.3.2; CIBJO Gemstone Book 2022 4.2.3.3; Note: Matched to the generic green nephrite entry, not to Hetian green nephrite: “Russian material” and “Hetian” are mutually exclusive origin trade labels. GB/T 16552 §5.1.1 c): a trade name is not used on its own and may only be noted (trade name: Russian bi yu); CIBJO Gemstone Book 2022 §4.2.3.2: an origin conclusion is an opinion; §4.2.3.3: origin does not signify quality. Russian jasper / Hetian jasper must not be set up as synonyms. |
| 绿色软玉Simplified Chinese | synonym | matched automatically | no restriction recorded | editorial ruling (no clause cited) |
How each authority words this name: see Names › Authority wording.
- GSJ (Japan) formal name
- 碧玉（軟玉）／グリーンネフライト (not yet checked for this body — the entry's own Japanese name is shown)
- Chinese formal name
- 碧玉 (GB/T 16552—2017 Table A.2)
- Mineralogical name
- Green nephrite; fibrous aggregate of actinolite–tremolite series amphibole (GB/T colour subcategory)
- Trade names and synonyms
- Jasper (market name; not a recommended name)
Four-language names
- 简体中文
- 碧玉
- 繁體中文
- 碧玉
- English
- Bi Yu, Green Nephrite Variety
- 日本語
- 碧玉（軟玉）／グリーンネフライト
See also: Misleading and prohibited trade names · Supplementary name index
Classification
- Origin
- Natural materials
- Material domain
- Natural inorganic gem materials
- Browsing family
- Jade materials
- Identity tier
- Commercial / trade name
- Mineral chemical class
- Silicates
- Construction or treatment status
- Natural identity; treatment status unknown
Treatments listed by standards
This site applies the Nephrite row of GB/T 16552—2017 Annex B, Table B.1 to Bi Yu, Green Nephrite Variety: filling, with the grade definitions and the notes to Table B.1 on the Gem treatments page; and dyeing, treatment. The full row, with the effect column, is on the Nephrite entry.
GB/T 16552-2017, Annex B, Table B.1
Under the “Nephrite” row of Table B.1: Filling Graded — see §5.4.1, Table 1; Dyeing Treatment. The full row, with the effect column, is on the Nephrite page.
What Table B.1 is, and how the “see 5.4.1” grades are defined: see the GB/T 16552: optimization vs treatment page.
What it is and how it's identified
The material facts for Bi Yu, Green Nephrite Variety are taken from nephrite as a whole (regardless of origin), not measured on Bi Yu on its own. For nephrite as a whole (regardless of origin): the structure is a crystalline aggregate, often a fibrous aggregate; Mohs hardness 6–6.5; optical character anisotropic aggregate; birefringence not measurable for an aggregate. For nephrite as a whole (regardless of origin), density is 2.9–3.1 g/cm³, derived from the clause value of 2.95 and the permitted tolerances of +0.15 and −0.05; refractive index is 1.6–1.641, derived from the clause value of 1.606–1.632 and the permitted tolerances of +0.009 and −0.006, and the site notes that the clause has finer bands, with the overall range taken. For nephrite as a whole (regardless of origin), the untreated body colour is emerald green to green and the lustre vitreous to greasy; the site notes that clauses for other varieties in chapter 5 of GB/T 16553—2017 also describe green or greenish colours.
Registered material facts
Each row carries its own source and check date and can be cited on its own; “—” means the cited source gives no value, not “none”.
Chemical composition, luminescence, UV-visible spectrum, infrared spectrum, magnification: these whole-class features are given in the cited clause for nephrite as a whole (not one source), so they are not repeated on the Bi Yu, Green Nephrite Variety page; see the material facts on the Nephrite entry.
Items below that name the class they cover give the cited clause’s value for that whole class, not a measurement of Bi Yu, Green Nephrite Variety (how to read class-level values).
Structure
Bi Yu, Green Nephrite Variety — structure (overall): a crystalline aggregate that is often fibrous
GB/T 16553—2017
- Does this standard apply
- applies to this entry
- What this covers
- nephrite as a whole (not one source)
Source & check 2026-09-26
- Source
- GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.2.2 (locator checked 2026-09-26)
- Fact checked on
- 2026-09-26
Durability
Bi Yu, Green Nephrite Variety — Mohs hardness: 6–6.5
GB/T 16553—2017
Reference points on this site: Talc 1–3, Fluorite 4, Apatite 5–5.5, Orthoclase 6–6.5, Topaz 8, Diamond 10 (Source: GB/T 16553—2017); Gypsum 1.5–2, Calcite 3, Quartz 7 (Source: Handbook of Mineralogy); Corundum 9 (Source: GIA Gem Encyclopedia (care guide))
- Does this standard apply
- applies to this entry
- What this covers
- nephrite as a whole (not one source)
Source & check 2026-09-26
- Source
- GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.2.2 (locator checked 2026-09-26)
- Fact checked on
- 2026-09-26
Bi Yu, Green Nephrite Variety — cleavage: Tremolite crystals cleave perfectly in two directions; aggregates usually have no cleavage.
GB/T 16553—2017
- Does this standard apply
- applies to this entry
- What this covers
- nephrite as a whole (not one source)
Source & check 2026-09-26
- Source
- GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.2.2 (locator checked 2026-09-26)
- Fact checked on
- 2026-09-26
Physical properties
Bi Yu, Green Nephrite Variety — density: 2.9–3.1 g/cm³
GB/T 16553—2017
- Does this standard apply
- applies to this entry
- What this covers
- nephrite as a whole (not one source)
- Qualification
The clause we cite gives 2.95, with a stated tolerance of +0.15 / -0.05. The range shown here is worked out from that.
Source & check 2026-09-26
- Source
- GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.2.2 (locator checked 2026-09-26)
- Fact checked on
- 2026-09-26
Optical
Bi Yu, Green Nephrite Variety — optic character: anisotropic aggregate
GB/T 16553—2017
- Does this standard apply
- applies to this entry
- What this covers
- nephrite as a whole (not one source)
Source & check 2026-09-26
- Source
- GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.2.2 (locator checked 2026-09-26)
- Fact checked on
- 2026-09-26
Bi Yu, Green Nephrite Variety — refractive index: 1.6–1.641
GB/T 16553—2017
- Does this standard apply
- applies to this entry
- What this covers
- nephrite as a whole (not one source)
- Qualification
The clause we cite gives 1.606–1.632, with a stated tolerance of +0.009 / -0.006. The range shown here is worked out from that.
- General note
- the clause has finer ranges
Source & check 2026-09-26
- Source
- GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.2.2 (locator checked 2026-09-26)
- Fact checked on
- 2026-09-26
Bi Yu, Green Nephrite Variety — birefringence: not measurable on an aggregate
GB/T 16553—2017
- Does this standard apply
- applies to this entry
- What this covers
- nephrite as a whole (not one source)
Source & check 2026-09-26
- Source
- GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.2.2 (locator checked 2026-09-26)
- Fact checked on
- 2026-09-26
Bi Yu, Green Nephrite Variety — pleochroism: not measurable on an aggregate
GB/T 16553—2017
- Treatment state
- untreated
- Does this standard apply
- applies to this entry
- What this covers
- nephrite as a whole (not one source)
Source & check 2026-09-26
- Source
- GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.2.2 (locator checked 2026-09-26)
- Fact checked on
- 2026-09-26
Bi Yu, Green Nephrite Variety — optical effect (chatoyancy): seen
GB/T 16553—2017
- Does this standard apply
- applies to this entry
- What this covers
- nephrite as a whole (not one source)
Source & check 2026-09-26
- Source
- GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.2.2 (locator checked 2026-09-26)
- Fact checked on
- 2026-09-26
Bi Yu, Green Nephrite Variety — body colour: vivid green to green
GB/T 16553—2017
- Treatment state
- untreated
- Does this standard apply
- applies to this entry
- Qualification
In chapter 5 of GB/T 16553—2017, the colour entries of Aquamarine, Dioptase, Malachite and other variety clauses also name green or a greenish colour.
- General note
- colour alone is not identity
Source & check 2026-09-26
- Source
- GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.2.2 Colour · Dark-green nephrite (biyu) (locator checked 2026-09-28)
- Fact checked on
- 2026-09-26
- CIBJO definitions
- chatoyancy
Quality factors
Bi Yu, Green Nephrite Variety — quality factor (lustre): vitreous to greasy
GB/T 16553—2017
- Treatment state
- untreated
- Does this standard apply
- applies to this entry
- What this covers
- nephrite as a whole (not one source)
Source & check 2026-09-26
- Source
- GB/T 16553—2017 Gems — Testing (GB/T): §5.2.2 (locator checked 2026-09-26)
- Fact checked on
- 2026-09-26
Each row's “Source & check” expands to the full source; the date beside it is the fact check date.
This material (RI / SG midpoints): 1.621 / 3; Closest values: 1Danburite 1.633 / 3, 2Amblygonite 1.607 / 3.02, 3Dushan Yu / Dushan Jade 1.63 / 2.9, 4Prehnite 1.625 / 2.88, 5Lazulite 1.627 / 3.12
Show the full chart (330 registered materials)
Outside the full chart's range, drawn as triangles at the edge (RI / SG midpoints): Hematite 3.045/5.12, Synthetic Rutile 2.76/4.26, Rutile 2.753/4.23, Synthetic Moissanite 2.67/3.22
Testing and market
The CIBJO laboratory protocol covers Bi Yu, Green Nephrite Variety under “Nephrite” (§6.1.54): see identification on the Nephrite entry; the required tests are listed on the CIBJO laboratory protocol table for Nephrite.
How far testing can go
Each row's “Source & check” expands to the full source; the date beside it is the fact check date.
Evidence and sources
Authority basis and clause sources
Sources
Further reading
Related entries and topic cluster
Parent entry and related pages on this site. Rows marked “Planned” are suggested new content and have no link yet.
This table scrolls sideways on narrow screens.
| Page | Content | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Browsing family | Jade materials | Live |
| Treatments recorded for this material | Filled / Fracture-filled (via parent material), Dyed (via parent material) | Live |
| Related articles | To be added (placeholder) | Planned |
Who maintains this page
The material facts in the Bi Yu, Green Nephrite Variety entry are maintained by the LumaLark wiki and matched one by one to the standard clauses or institutional sources they cite: every fact carries its source (with a clause or page locator) and a check date, so it can be traced back to the original. The entry exists so that buyers and sellers can check naming, disclosure and material facts item by item.